chore: update electron-to-chromium version to 1.5.342 in package-lock.json

Add automated accessibility suite execution to the standard non-security
end-to-end browser shards so regressions are caught during routine CI runs.

This change is necessary to enforce accessibility checks consistently across
Chromium, Firefox, and WebKit without creating a separate pipeline path.

Behavior impact:
- Non-security shard jobs now run accessibility tests alongside existing suites
- Security-specific job behavior remains unchanged
- Sharding logic remains unchanged, with only test scope expanded

Operational consideration:
- Monitor shard runtime balance after rollout; if sustained skew appears,
  split accessibility coverage into its own sharded workflow stage.

.docker/compose/docker-compose.local.yml

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ services:
 #      - <PATH_TO_YOUR_CADDYFILE>:/import/Caddyfile:ro
 #      - <PATH_TO_YOUR_SITES_DIR>:/import/sites:ro # If your Caddyfile imports other files
     healthcheck:
-      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "curl -fsS http://localhost:8080/api/v1/health || exit 1"]
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "wget -qO /dev/null http://localhost:8080/api/v1/health || exit 1"]
       interval: 30s
       timeout: 10s
       retries: 3

.docker/compose/docker-compose.playwright-ci.yml

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ services:
       - playwright_caddy_config:/config
       - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro # For container discovery in tests
     healthcheck:
-      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-sf", "http://localhost:8080/api/v1/health"]
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "wget -qO /dev/null http://localhost:8080/api/v1/health || exit 1"]
       interval: 5s
       timeout: 3s
       retries: 12

.docker/compose/docker-compose.playwright-local.yml

@@ -48,11 +48,12 @@ services:
     tmpfs:
       # True tmpfs for E2E test data - fresh on every run, in-memory only
       # mode=1777 allows any user to write (container runs as non-root)
-      - /app/data:size=100M,mode=1777
+      # 256M gives headroom for the backup service's 100MB disk-space check
+      - /app/data:size=256M,mode=1777
     volumes:
       - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro # For container discovery in tests
     healthcheck:
-      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "curl -fsS http://localhost:8080/api/v1/health || exit 1"]
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "wget -qO /dev/null http://localhost:8080/api/v1/health || exit 1"]
       interval: 5s
       timeout: 5s
       retries: 10

.docker/compose/docker-compose.yml

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ services:
       # - ./my-existing-Caddyfile:/import/Caddyfile:ro
       # - ./sites:/import/sites:ro # If your Caddyfile imports other files
     healthcheck:
-      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "curl -fsS http://localhost:8080/api/v1/health || exit 1"]
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "wget -qO /dev/null http://localhost:8080/api/v1/health || exit 1"]
       interval: 30s
       timeout: 10s
       retries: 3

.docker/docker-entrypoint.sh

@@ -303,6 +303,19 @@ ACQUIS_EOF
     # Also handle case where it might be without trailing slash
     sed -i 's|log_dir: /var/log$|log_dir: /var/log/crowdsec|g' "$CS_CONFIG_DIR/config.yaml"
 
+    # Redirect CrowdSec LAPI database to persistent volume
+    # Default path /var/lib/crowdsec/data/crowdsec.db is ephemeral (not volume-mounted),
+    # so it is destroyed on every container rebuild. The bouncer API key (stored on the
+    # persistent volume at /app/data/crowdsec/) survives rebuilds but the LAPI database
+    # that validates it does not — causing perpetual key rejection.
+    # Redirecting db_path to the volume-mounted CS_DATA_DIR fixes this.
+    sed -i "s|db_path: /var/lib/crowdsec/data/crowdsec.db|db_path: ${CS_DATA_DIR}/crowdsec.db|g" "$CS_CONFIG_DIR/config.yaml"
+    if grep -q "db_path:.*${CS_DATA_DIR}" "$CS_CONFIG_DIR/config.yaml"; then
+        echo "✓ CrowdSec LAPI database redirected to persistent volume: ${CS_DATA_DIR}/crowdsec.db"
+    else
+        echo "⚠️  WARNING: Could not verify LAPI db_path redirect — bouncer keys may not survive rebuilds"
+    fi
+
     # Verify LAPI configuration was applied correctly
     if grep -q "listen_uri:.*:8085" "$CS_CONFIG_DIR/config.yaml"; then
         echo "✓ CrowdSec LAPI configured for port 8085"
@@ -310,10 +323,11 @@ ACQUIS_EOF
         echo "✗ WARNING: LAPI port configuration may be incorrect"
     fi
 
-    # Update hub index to ensure CrowdSec can start
-    if [ ! -f "/etc/crowdsec/hub/.index.json" ]; then
-        echo "Updating CrowdSec hub index..."
-        timeout 60s cscli hub update 2>/dev/null || echo "⚠️ Hub update timed out or failed, continuing..."
+    # Always refresh hub index on startup (stale index causes hash mismatch errors on collection install)
+    echo "Updating CrowdSec hub index..."
+    if ! timeout 60s cscli hub update 2>&1; then
+        echo "⚠️ Hub index update failed (network issue?). Collections may fail to install."
+        echo "   CrowdSec will still start with whatever index is cached."
     fi
 
     # Ensure local machine is registered (auto-heal for volume/config mismatch)
@@ -321,12 +335,11 @@ ACQUIS_EOF
     echo "Registering local machine..."
     cscli machines add -a --force 2>/dev/null || echo "Warning: Machine registration may have failed"
 
-    # Install hub items (parsers, scenarios, collections) if local mode enabled
-    if [ "$SECURITY_CROWDSEC_MODE" = "local" ]; then
-        echo "Installing CrowdSec hub items..."
-        if [ -x /usr/local/bin/install_hub_items.sh ]; then
-            /usr/local/bin/install_hub_items.sh 2>/dev/null || echo "Warning: Some hub items may not have installed"
-        fi
+    # Always ensure required collections are present (idempotent — already-installed items are skipped).
+    # Collections are just config files with zero runtime cost when CrowdSec is disabled.
+    echo "Ensuring CrowdSec hub items are installed..."
+    if [ -x /usr/local/bin/install_hub_items.sh ]; then
+        /usr/local/bin/install_hub_items.sh || echo "⚠️ Some hub items may not have installed. CrowdSec can still start."
     fi
 
     # Fix ownership AFTER cscli commands (they run as root and create root-owned files)
@@ -365,7 +378,7 @@ echo "Caddy started (PID: $CADDY_PID)"
 echo "Waiting for Caddy admin API..."
 i=1
 while [ "$i" -le 30 ]; do
-    if curl -sf http://127.0.0.1:2019/config/ > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+    if wget -qO /dev/null http://127.0.0.1:2019/config/ 2>/dev/null; then
         echo "Caddy is ready!"
         break
     fi

.github/agents/Management.agent.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ You are "lazy" in the smartest way possible. You never do what a subordinate can
     -   **Identify Goal**: Understand the user's request.
     -   **STOP**: Do not look at the code. Do not run `list_dir`. No code is to be changed or implemented until there is a fundamentally sound plan of action that has been approved by the user.
     -   **Action**: Immediately call `Planning` subagent.
-        -   *Prompt*: "Research the necessary files for '{user_request}' and write a comprehensive plan detailing as many specifics as possible to `docs/plans/current_spec.md`. Be an artist with directions and discriptions. Include file names, function names, and component names wherever possible. Break the plan into phases based on the least amount of requests. Include a Commit Slicing Strategy section that decides whether to split work into multiple PRs and, when split, defines PR-1/PR-2/PR-3 scope, dependencies, and acceptance criteria. Review and suggest updaetes to `.gitignore`, `codecov.yml`, `.dockerignore`, and `Dockerfile` if necessary. Return only when the plan is complete."
+        -   *Prompt*: "Research the necessary files for '{user_request}' and write a comprehensive plan detailing as many specifics as possible to `docs/plans/current_spec.md`. Be an artist with directions and discriptions. Include file names, function names, and component names wherever possible. Break the plan into phases based on the least amount of requests. Include a Commit Slicing Strategy section that organizes work into logical commits within a single PR — one feature = one PR, with ordered commits (Commit 1, Commit 2, …) each defining scope, files, dependencies, and validation gates. Review and suggest updaetes to `.gitignore`, `codecov.yml`, `.dockerignore`, and `Dockerfile` if necessary. Return only when the plan is complete."
     - **Task Specifics**:
         - If the task is to just run tests or audits, there is no need for a plan. Directly call `QA_Security` to perform the tests and write the report. If issues are found, return to `Planning` for a remediation plan and delegate the fixes to the corresponding subagents.
 
@@ -59,27 +59,26 @@ You are "lazy" in the smartest way possible. You never do what a subordinate can
     -   **Ask**: "Plan created. Shall I authorize the construction?"
 
 4. **Phase 4: Execution (Waterfall)**:
-        - **Single-PR or Multi-PR Decision**: Read the Commit Slicing Strategy in `docs/plans/current_spec.md`.
-        - **If single PR**:
+        - **Read Commit Slicing Strategy**: Read the Commit Slicing Strategy in `docs/plans/current_spec.md` to understand the ordered commits.
+        - **Single PR, Multiple Commits**: All work ships as one PR. Each commit maps to a phase in the plan.
             - **Backend**: Call `Backend_Dev` with the plan file.
             - **Frontend**: Call `Frontend_Dev` with the plan file.
-        - **If multi-PR**:
-            - Execute in PR slices, one slice at a time, in dependency order.
-            - Require each slice to pass review + QA gates before starting the next slice.
-            - Keep every slice deployable and independently testable.
-        - **MANDATORY**: Implementation agents must perform linting and type checks locally before declaring their slice "DONE". This is a critical step that must not be skipped to avoid broken commits and security issues.
+        - Execute commits in dependency order. Each commit must pass its validation gates before the next commit begins.
+        - The PR is merged only when all commits are complete and all DoD gates pass.
+        - **MANDATORY**: Implementation agents must perform linting and type checks locally before declaring their commit "DONE". This is a critical step that must not be skipped to avoid broken commits and security issues.
 
 5. **Phase 5: Review**:
     - **Supervisor**: Call `Supervisor` to review the implementation against the plan. Provide feedback and ensure alignment with best practices.
 
 6. **Phase 6: Audit**:
+    - Review Security: Read `security.md.instrutctions.md` and `SECURITY.md` to understand the security requirements and best practices for Charon. Ensure that any open concerns or issues are addressed in the QA Audit and `SECURITY.md` is updated accordingly.
     - **QA**: Call `QA_Security` to meticulously test current implementation as well as regression test. Run all linting, security tasks, and manual lefthook checks. Write a report to `docs/reports/qa_report.md`. Start back at Phase 1 if issues are found.
 
 7. **Phase 7: Closure**:
     - **Docs**: Call `Docs_Writer`.
     - **Manual Testing**: create a new test plan in `docs/issues/*.md` for tracking manual testing focused on finding potential bugs of the implemented features.
     - **Final Report**: Summarize the successful subagent runs.
-    - **PR Roadmap**: If split mode was used, include a concise roadmap of completed and remaining PR slices.
+    - **Commit Roadmap**: Include a concise summary of completed and remaining commits within the PR.
 
 **Mandatory Commit Message**: When you reach a stopping point, provide a copy and paste code block commit message at the END of the response on format laid out in `.github/instructions/commit-message.instructions.md`
         - **STRICT RULES**:
@@ -166,23 +165,27 @@ The task is not complete until ALL of the following pass with zero issues:
     - **Base URL**: Uses `PLAYWRIGHT_BASE_URL` or default from `playwright.config.js`
     - All E2E tests must pass before proceeding to unit tests
 
-2. **Local Patch Coverage Preflight (MANDATORY - Before Unit/Coverage Tests)**:
-    - Ensure the local patch report is run first via VS Code task `Test: Local Patch Report` or `bash scripts/local-patch-report.sh`.
-    - Verify both artifacts exist: `test-results/local-patch-report.md` and `test-results/local-patch-report.json`.
-    - Use this report to identify changed files needing coverage before running backend/frontend coverage suites.
-
-3. **Coverage Tests (MANDATORY - Verify Explicitly)**:
+2. **Coverage Tests (MANDATORY - Verify Explicitly)**:
     - **Backend**: Ensure `Backend_Dev` ran VS Code task "Test: Backend with Coverage" or `scripts/go-test-coverage.sh`
     - **Frontend**: Ensure `Frontend_Dev` ran VS Code task "Test: Frontend with Coverage" or `scripts/frontend-test-coverage.sh`
     - **Why**: These are in manual stage of pre-commit for performance. Subagents MUST run them via VS Code tasks or scripts.
     - Minimum coverage: 85% for both backend and frontend.
     - All tests must pass with zero failures.
+    - **Outputs**: `backend/coverage.txt` and `frontend/coverage/lcov.info` — these are required inputs for step 3.
+
+3. **Local Patch Coverage Report (MANDATORY - After Coverage Tests)**:
+    - **Purpose**: Identify uncovered lines in files modified by this task so missing tests are written before declaring Done. This is the bridge between "overall coverage is fine" and "the actual lines I changed are tested."
+    - **Prerequisites**: `backend/coverage.txt` and `frontend/coverage/lcov.info` must exist (generated by step 2). If missing, run coverage tests first.
+    - **Run**: VS Code task `Test: Local Patch Report` or `bash scripts/local-patch-report.sh`.
+    - **Verify artifacts**: Both `test-results/local-patch-report.md` and `test-results/local-patch-report.json` must exist with non-empty results.
+    - **Act on findings**: If patch coverage for any changed file is below **90%**, delegate to the responsible agent (`Backend_Dev` or `Frontend_Dev`) to add targeted tests covering the uncovered lines. Re-run coverage (step 2) and this report until the threshold is met.
+    - **Blocking gate**: 90% overall patch coverage. Do not proceed to pre-commit or security scans until resolved or explicitly waived by the user.
 
 4. **Type Safety (Frontend)**:
     - Ensure `Frontend_Dev` ran VS Code task "Lint: TypeScript Check" or `npm run type-check`
     - **Why**: This check is in manual stage of pre-commit for performance. Subagents MUST run it explicitly.
 
-5. **Pre-commit Hooks**: Ensure `QA_Security` ran `pre-commit run --all-files` (fast hooks only; coverage was verified in step 3)
+5. **Pre-commit Hooks**: Ensure `QA_Security` ran `pre-commit run --all-files` (fast hooks only; coverage was verified in step 2)
 
 6. **Security Scans**: Ensure `QA_Security` ran the following with zero Critical or High severity issues:
    - **Trivy Filesystem Scan**: Fast scan of source code and dependencies

.github/instructions/security.md.instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+---
+applyTo: SECURITY.md
+---
+
+# Instructions: Maintaining `SECURITY.md`
+
+`SECURITY.md` is the project's living security record. It serves two audiences simultaneously: users who need to know what risks exist right now, and the broader community who need confidence that vulnerabilities are being tracked and remediated with discipline. Treat it like a changelog, but for security events — every known issue gets an entry, every resolved issue keeps its entry.
+
+---
+
+## File Structure
+
+`SECURITY.md` must always contain the following top-level sections, in this order:
+
+1. A brief project security policy preamble (responsible disclosure contact, response SLA)
+2. **`## Known Vulnerabilities`** — active, unpatched issues
+3. **`## Patched Vulnerabilities`** — resolved issues, retained permanently for audit trail
+
+No other top-level sections are required. Do not collapse or remove sections even when they are empty — use the explicit empty-state placeholder defined below.
+
+---
+
+## Section 1: Known Vulnerabilities
+
+This section lists every vulnerability that is currently unpatched or only partially mitigated. Entries must be sorted with the highest severity first, then by discovery date descending within the same severity tier.
+
+### Entry Format
+
+Each entry is an H3 heading followed by a structured block:
+
+```markdown
+### [SEVERITY] CVE-XXXX-XXXXX · Short Title
+
+| Field        | Value |
+|--------------|-------|
+| **ID**       | CVE-XXXX-XXXXX (or `CHARON-YYYY-NNN` if no CVE assigned yet) |
+| **Severity** | Critical / High / Medium / Low · CVSS v3.1 score if known (e.g. `8.1 · High`) |
+| **Status**   | Investigating / Fix In Progress / Awaiting Upstream / Mitigated (partial) |
+
+**What**
+One to three sentences describing the vulnerability class and its impact.
+Be specific: name the weakness type (e.g. SQL injection, path traversal, SSRF).
+
+**Who**
+- Discovered by: [Reporter name or handle, or "Internal audit", or "Automated scan (tool name)"]
+- Reported: YYYY-MM-DD
+- Affects: [User roles, API consumers, unauthenticated users, etc.]
+
+**Where**
+- Component: [Module or service name]
+- File(s): `path/to/affected/file.go`, `path/to/other/file.ts`
+- Versions affected: `>= X.Y.Z` (or "all versions" / "prior to X.Y.Z")
+
+**When**
+- Discovered: YYYY-MM-DD
+- Disclosed (if public): YYYY-MM-DD (or "Not yet publicly disclosed")
+- Target fix: YYYY-MM-DD (or sprint/milestone reference)
+
+**How**
+A concise technical description of the attack vector, prerequisites, and exploitation
+method. Omit proof-of-concept code. Reference CVE advisories or upstream issue
+trackers where appropriate.
+
+**Planned Remediation**
+Describe the fix strategy: library upgrade, logic refactor, config change, etc.
+If a workaround is available in the meantime, document it here.
+Link to the tracking issue: [#NNN](https://github.com/owner/repo/issues/NNN)
+```
+
+### Empty State
+
+When there are no known vulnerabilities:
+
+```markdown
+## Known Vulnerabilities
+
+No known unpatched vulnerabilities at this time.
+Last reviewed: YYYY-MM-DD
+```
+
+---
+
+## Section 2: Patched Vulnerabilities
+
+This section is a permanent, append-only ledger. Entries are never deleted. Sort newest-patched first. This section builds community trust by demonstrating that issues are resolved promptly and transparently.
+
+### Entry Format
+
+```markdown
+### ✅ [SEVERITY] CVE-XXXX-XXXXX · Short Title
+
+| Field        | Value |
+|--------------|-------|
+| **ID**       | CVE-XXXX-XXXXX (or internal ID) |
+| **Severity** | Critical / High / Medium / Low · CVSS v3.1 score |
+| **Patched**  | YYYY-MM-DD in `vX.Y.Z` |
+
+**What**
+Same description carried over from the Known Vulnerabilities entry.
+
+**Who**
+- Discovered by: [Reporter or method]
+- Reported: YYYY-MM-DD
+
+**Where**
+- Component: [Module or service name]
+- File(s): `path/to/affected/file.go`
+- Versions affected: `< X.Y.Z`
+
+**When**
+- Discovered: YYYY-MM-DD
+- Patched: YYYY-MM-DD
+- Time to patch: N days
+
+**How**
+Same technical description as the original entry.
+
+**Resolution**
+Describe exactly what was changed to fix the issue.
+- Commit: [`abc1234`](https://github.com/owner/repo/commit/abc1234)
+- PR: [#NNN](https://github.com/owner/repo/pull/NNN)
+- Release: [`vX.Y.Z`](https://github.com/owner/repo/releases/tag/vX.Y.Z)
+
+**Credit**
+[Optional] Thank the reporter if they consented to attribution.
+```
+
+### Empty State
+
+```markdown
+## Patched Vulnerabilities
+
+No patched vulnerabilities on record yet.
+```
+
+---
+
+## Lifecycle: Moving an Entry from Known → Patched
+
+When a fix ships:
+
+1. Remove the entry from `## Known Vulnerabilities` entirely.
+2. Add a new entry to the **top** of `## Patched Vulnerabilities` using the patched format above.
+3. Carry forward all original fields verbatim — do not rewrite the history of the issue.
+4. Add the `**Resolution**` and `**Credit**` blocks with patch details.
+5. Update the `Last reviewed` date on the Known Vulnerabilities section if it is now empty.
+
+Do not edit or backfill existing Patched entries once they are committed.
+
+---
+
+## Severity Classification
+
+Use the following definitions consistently:
+
+| Severity | CVSS Range | Meaning |
+|----------|------------|---------|
+| **Critical** | 9.0–10.0 | Remote code execution, auth bypass, full data exposure |
+| **High**     | 7.0–8.9  | Significant data exposure, privilege escalation, DoS |
+| **Medium**   | 4.0–6.9  | Limited data exposure, requires user interaction or auth |
+| **Low**      | 0.1–3.9  | Minimal impact, difficult to exploit, defense-in-depth |
+
+When a CVE CVSS score is not yet available, assign a preliminary severity based on these definitions and note it as `(preliminary)` until confirmed.
+
+---
+
+## Internal IDs
+
+If a vulnerability has no CVE assigned, use the format `CHARON-YYYY-NNN` where `YYYY` is the year and `NNN` is a zero-padded sequence number starting at `001` for each year. Example: `CHARON-2025-003`. Assign a CVE ID in the entry retroactively if one is issued later, and add the internal ID as an alias in parentheses.
+
+---
+
+## Responsible Disclosure Preamble
+
+The preamble at the top of `SECURITY.md` (before the vulnerability sections) must include:
+
+- The preferred contact method for reporting vulnerabilities (e.g. a GitHub private advisory link, a security email address, or both)
+- An acknowledgment-first response commitment: confirm receipt within 48 hours, even if the full investigation takes longer
+- A statement that reporters will not be penalized or publicly named without consent
+- A link to the full disclosure policy if one exists
+
+Example:
+
+```markdown
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+To report a security issue, please use
+[GitHub Private Security Advisories](https://github.com/owner/repo/security/advisories/new)
+or email `security@example.com`.
+
+We will acknowledge your report within **48 hours** and provide a remediation
+timeline within **7 days**. Reporters are credited with their consent.
+We do not pursue legal action against good-faith security researchers.
+```
+
+---
+
+## Maintenance Rules
+
+- **Review cadence**: Update the `Last reviewed` date in the Known Vulnerabilities section at least once per release cycle, even if no entries changed.
+- **No silent patches**: Every security fix — no matter how minor — must produce an entry in `## Patched Vulnerabilities` before or alongside the release.
+- **No redaction**: Do not redact or soften historical entries. Accuracy builds trust; minimizing past issues destroys it.
+- **Dependency vulnerabilities**: Transitive dependency CVEs that affect Charon's exposed attack surface must be tracked here the same as first-party vulnerabilities. Pure dev-dependency CVEs with no runtime impact may be omitted at maintainer discretion, but must still be noted in the relevant dependency update PR.
+- **Partial mitigations**: If a workaround is deployed but the root cause is not fixed, the entry stays in `## Known Vulnerabilities` with `Status: Mitigated (partial)` and the workaround documented in `**Planned Remediation**`.

.github/instructions/subagent.instructions.md

@@ -23,21 +23,21 @@ runSubagent({
 
 - Validate: `plan_file` exists and contains a `Handoff Contract` JSON.
 - Kickoff: call `Planning` to create the plan if not present.
-- Decide: check if work should be split into multiple PRs (size, risk, cross-domain impact).
+- Decide: check how to organize work into logical commits within a single PR (size, risk, cross-domain impact).
 - Run: execute `Backend Dev` then `Frontend Dev` sequentially.
 - Parallel: run `QA and Security`, `DevOps` and `Doc Writer` in parallel for CI / QA checks and documentation.
 - Return: a JSON summary with `subagent_results`, `overall_status`, and aggregated artifacts.
 
 2.1) Multi-Commit Slicing Protocol
 
-- If a task is large or high-risk, split into PR slices and execute in order.
-- Each slice must have:
+- All work for a single feature ships as one PR with ordered logical commits.
+- Each commit must have:
   - Scope boundary (what is included/excluded)
-  - Dependency on previous slices
-  - Validation gates (tests/scans required for that slice)
-  - Explicit rollback notes
-- Do not start the next slice until the current slice is complete and verified.
-- Keep each slice independently reviewable and deployable.
+  - Dependency on previous commits
+  - Validation gates (tests/scans required for that commit)
+  - Explicit rollback notes for the PR as a whole
+- Do not start the next commit until the current commit is complete and verified.
+- Keep each commit independently reviewable within the PR.
 
 3) Return Contract that all subagents must return
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ runSubagent({
 
 - On a subagent failure, the Management agent must capture `tests.output` and decide to retry (1 retry maximum), or request a revert/rollback.
 - Clearly mark the `status` as `failed`, and include `errors` and `failing_tests` in the `summary`.
-- For multi-PR execution, mark failed slice as blocked and stop downstream slices until resolved.
+- For multi-commit execution, mark failed commit as blocked and stop downstream commits until resolved.
 
 5) Example: Run a full Feature Implementation
 

.github/instructions/testing.instructions.md

@@ -12,9 +12,19 @@ instruction files take precedence over agent files and operator documentation.
 
 **MANDATORY**: Before running unit tests, verify the application UI/UX functions correctly end-to-end.
 
-## 0.5 Local Patch Coverage Preflight (Before Unit Tests)
+## 0.5 Local Patch Coverage Report (After Coverage Tests)
 
-**MANDATORY**: After E2E and before backend/frontend unit coverage runs, generate a local patch report so uncovered changed lines are visible early.
+**MANDATORY**: After running backend and frontend coverage tests (which generate
+`backend/coverage.txt` and `frontend/coverage/lcov.info`), run the local patch
+report to identify uncovered lines in changed files.
+
+**Purpose**: Overall coverage can be healthy while the specific lines you changed
+are untested. This step catches that gap. If uncovered lines are found in
+feature code, add targeted tests before completing the task.
+
+**Prerequisites**: Coverage artifacts must exist before running the report:
+- `backend/coverage.txt` — generated by `scripts/go-test-coverage.sh`
+- `frontend/coverage/lcov.info` — generated by `scripts/frontend-test-coverage.sh`
 
 Run one of the following from `/projects/Charon`:
 
@@ -26,11 +36,14 @@ Test: Local Patch Report
 bash scripts/local-patch-report.sh
 ```
 
-Required artifacts:
+Required output artifacts:
 - `test-results/local-patch-report.md`
 - `test-results/local-patch-report.json`
 
-This preflight is advisory for thresholds during rollout, but artifact generation is required in DoD.
+**Action on results**: If patch coverage for any changed file is below 90%, add
+tests targeting the uncovered changed lines. Re-run coverage and this report to
+verify improvement. Artifact generation is required for DoD regardless of
+threshold results.
 
 ### PREREQUISITE: Start E2E Environment
 

.github/renovate.json

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
     ":separateMultipleMajorReleases",
     "helpers:pinGitHubActionDigests"
   ],
-  "baseBranches": [
+  "baseBranchPatterns": [
     "feature/beta-release",
     "development"
-
   ],
+  "postUpdateOptions": ["npmDedupe"],
   "timezone": "America/New_York",
   "dependencyDashboard": true,
   "dependencyDashboardApproval": true,
@@ -130,6 +130,32 @@
       "datasourceTemplate": "go",
       "versioningTemplate": "semver"
     },
+    {
+      "customType": "regex",
+      "description": "Track gotestsum version in codecov workflow",
+      "managerFilePatterns": [
+        "/^\\.github/workflows/codecov-upload\\.yml$/"
+      ],
+      "matchStrings": [
+        "gotestsum@v(?<currentValue>[^\\s]+)"
+      ],
+      "depNameTemplate": "gotest.tools/gotestsum",
+      "datasourceTemplate": "go",
+      "versioningTemplate": "semver"
+    },
+    {
+      "customType": "regex",
+      "description": "Track gotestsum version in quality checks workflow",
+      "managerFilePatterns": [
+        "/^\\.github/workflows/quality-checks\\.yml$/"
+      ],
+      "matchStrings": [
+        "gotestsum@v(?<currentValue>[^\\s]+)"
+      ],
+      "depNameTemplate": "gotest.tools/gotestsum",
+      "datasourceTemplate": "go",
+      "versioningTemplate": "semver"
+    },
     {
       "customType": "regex",
       "description": "Track govulncheck version in scripts",
@@ -205,20 +231,39 @@
       "datasourceTemplate": "github-releases",
       "versioningTemplate": "semver",
       "extractVersionTemplate": "^v(?<version>.*)$"
+    },
+    {
+      "customType": "regex",
+      "description": "Track go-version in skill example workflows",
+      "managerFilePatterns": ["/^\\.github/skills/examples/.*\\.yml$/"],
+      "matchStrings": [
+        "go-version: [\"']?(?<currentValue>[\\d\\.]+)[\"']?"
+      ],
+      "depNameTemplate": "golang/go",
+      "datasourceTemplate": "golang-version",
+      "versioningTemplate": "semver"
     }
   ],
 
+  "github-actions": {
+    "managerFilePatterns": [
+      "/^\\.github/skills/examples/.*\\.ya?ml$/"
+    ]
+  },
+
   "packageRules": [
     {
       "description": "THE MEGAZORD: Group ALL non-major updates (NPM, Docker, Go, Actions) into one PR",
-      "matchPackagePatterns": ["*"],
       "matchUpdateTypes": [
         "minor",
         "patch",
         "pin",
         "digest"
       ],
-      "groupName": "non-major-updates"
+      "groupName": "non-major-updates",
+      "matchPackageNames": [
+        "*"
+      ]
     },
         {
       "description": "Feature branches: Auto-merge non-major updates after proven stable",
@@ -250,11 +295,41 @@
       "matchPackageNames": ["caddy"],
       "allowedVersions": "<3.0.0"
     },
+    {
+      "description": "Go: keep pgx within v4 (CrowdSec requires pgx/v4 module path)",
+      "matchDatasources": ["go"],
+      "matchPackageNames": ["github.com/jackc/pgx/v4"],
+      "allowedVersions": "<5.0.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "Go: keep go-jose/v3 within v3 (v4 is a different Go module path)",
+      "matchDatasources": ["go"],
+      "matchPackageNames": ["github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3"],
+      "allowedVersions": "<4.0.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "Go: keep go-jose/v4 within v4 (v5 would be a different Go module path)",
+      "matchDatasources": ["go"],
+      "matchPackageNames": ["github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4"],
+      "allowedVersions": "<5.0.0"
+    },
     {
       "description": "Safety: Keep MAJOR updates separate and require manual review",
       "matchUpdateTypes": ["major"],
       "automerge": false,
       "labels": ["manual-review"]
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "Fix Renovate lookup for geoip2-golang v2 module path",
+      "matchDatasources": ["go"],
+      "matchPackageNames": ["github.com/oschwald/geoip2-golang/v2"],
+      "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/oschwald/geoip2-golang"
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "Fix Renovate lookup for google/uuid",
+      "matchDatasources": ["go"],
+      "matchPackageNames": ["github.com/google/uuid"],
+      "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/google/uuid"
     }
   ]
 }

.github/skills/examples/gorm-scanner-ci-workflow.yml

@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6
 
       - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
         with:
-          go-version: "1.26.1"
+          go-version: "1.26.2"
 
       - name: Run GORM Security Scanner
         id: gorm-scan
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Comment on PR
         if: always() && github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         with:
           script: |
             const critical = ${{ steps.parse-report.outputs.critical }};
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload GORM Scan Report
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7
         with:
           name: gorm-security-report-${{ github.run_id }}
           path: docs/reports/gorm-scan-ci-*.txt

.github/skills/security-scan-docker-image-scripts/run.sh

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ fi
 # Check Grype
 if ! command -v grype >/dev/null 2>&1; then
     log_error "Grype not found - install from: https://github.com/anchore/grype"
-    log_error "Installation: curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/anchore/grype/main/install.sh | sh -s -- -b /usr/local/bin v0.109.1"
+    log_error "Installation: curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/anchore/grype/main/install.sh | sh -s -- -b /usr/local/bin v0.111.0"
     error_exit "Grype is required for vulnerability scanning" 2
 fi
 
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ SYFT_INSTALLED_VERSION=$(syft version | grep -oP 'Version:\s*\Kv?[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\
 GRYPE_INSTALLED_VERSION=$(grype version | grep -oP 'Version:\s*\Kv?[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+' | head -1 || echo "unknown")
 
 # Set defaults matching CI workflow
-set_default_env "SYFT_VERSION" "v1.42.2"
-set_default_env "GRYPE_VERSION" "v0.109.1"
+set_default_env "SYFT_VERSION" "v1.42.4"
+set_default_env "GRYPE_VERSION" "v0.111.0"
 set_default_env "IMAGE_TAG" "charon:local"
 set_default_env "FAIL_ON_SEVERITY" "Critical,High"
 
@@ -139,7 +139,10 @@ log_info "This may take 30-60 seconds on first run (database download)"
 
 # Run Grype against the SBOM (generated from image, not filesystem)
 # This matches exactly what CI does in supply-chain-pr.yml
+# --config ensures .grype.yaml ignore rules are applied, separating
+# ignored matches from actionable ones in the JSON output
 if grype sbom:sbom.cyclonedx.json \
+    --config .grype.yaml \
     --output json \
     --file grype-results.json; then
     log_success "Vulnerability scan complete"
@@ -149,6 +152,7 @@ fi
 
 # Generate SARIF output for GitHub Security (matches CI)
 grype sbom:sbom.cyclonedx.json \
+    --config .grype.yaml \
     --output sarif \
     --file grype-results.sarif 2>/dev/null || true
 

.github/workflows/auto-add-to-project.yml

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.issue.number || github.event.pull_request.number }}
   cancel-in-progress: false
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   add-to-project:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest

.github/workflows/auto-changelog.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name }}-${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_branch || github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
 jobs:
   update-draft:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -21,6 +24,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha || github.sha }}
       - name: Draft Release
-        uses: release-drafter/release-drafter@6a93d829887aa2e0748befe2e808c66c0ec6e4c7 # v6
+        uses: release-drafter/release-drafter@5de93583980a40bd78603b6dfdcda5b4df377b32 # v7
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/auto-label-issues.yml

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.issue.number }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   auto-label:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
       issues: write
     steps:
       - name: Auto-label based on title and body
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         with:
           script: |
             const issue = context.payload.issue;

.github/workflows/auto-versioning.yml

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Calculate Semantic Version
         id: semver
-        uses: paulhatch/semantic-version@f29500c9d60a99ed5168e39ee367e0976884c46e # v6.0.1
+        uses: paulhatch/semantic-version@9f72830310d5ed81233b641ee59253644cd8a8fc # v6.0.2
         with:
           # The prefix to use to create tags
           tag_prefix: "v"
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Create GitHub Release (creates tag via API)
         if: ${{ steps.semver.outputs.changed == 'true' && steps.check_release.outputs.exists == 'false' }}
-        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@a06a81a03ee405af7f2048a818ed3f03bbf83c7b # v2
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@b4309332981a82ec1c5618f44dd2e27cc8bfbfda # v3
         with:
           tag_name: ${{ steps.determine_tag.outputs.tag }}
           name: Release ${{ steps.determine_tag.outputs.tag }}

.github/workflows/benchmark.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 env:
-  GO_VERSION: '1.26.1'
+  GO_VERSION: '1.26.2'
   GOTOOLCHAIN: auto
 
 # Minimal permissions at workflow level; write permissions granted at job level for push only
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha || github.sha }}
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
         with:
           go-version: ${{ env.GO_VERSION }}
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
         # This avoids gh-pages branch errors and permission issues on fork PRs
         if: github.event.workflow_run.event == 'push' && github.event.workflow_run.head_branch == 'main'
         # Security: Pinned to full SHA for supply chain security
-        uses: benchmark-action/github-action-benchmark@4e0b38bc48375986542b13c0d8976b7b80c60c00 # v1
+        uses: benchmark-action/github-action-benchmark@a60cea5bc7b49e15c1f58f411161f99e0df48372 # v1.22.0
         with:
           name: Go Benchmark
           tool: 'go'

.github/workflows/caddy-major-monitor.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Check for Caddy v3 and open issue
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         with:
           script: |
             const upstream = { owner: 'caddyserver', repo: 'caddy' };

.github/workflows/cerberus-integration.yml

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.workflow_run.event || github.event_name }}-${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_branch || github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   cerberus-integration:
     name: Cerberus Security Stack Integration
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build Docker image (Local)
         run: |
           echo "Building image locally for integration tests..."
-          docker build -t charon:local .
+          docker build -t charon:local --build-arg CI="${CI:-false}" .
           echo "✅ Successfully built charon:local"
 
       - name: Run Cerberus integration tests

.github/workflows/codecov-upload.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 env:
-  GO_VERSION: '1.26.1'
+  GO_VERSION: '1.26.2'
   NODE_VERSION: '24.12.0'
   GOTOOLCHAIN: auto
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ github.sha }}
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
         with:
           go-version: ${{ env.GO_VERSION }}
 
@@ -126,6 +126,9 @@ jobs:
             echo "__CHARON_EOF__"
           } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
 
+      - name: Install gotestsum
+        run: go install gotest.tools/gotestsum@v1.13.0
+
       - name: Run Go tests with coverage
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
         env:
@@ -134,8 +137,16 @@ jobs:
           bash scripts/go-test-coverage.sh 2>&1 | tee backend/test-output.txt
           exit "${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
 
+      - name: Upload test output artifact
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: backend-test-output
+          path: backend/test-output.txt
+          retention-days: 7
+
       - name: Upload backend coverage to Codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@671740ac38dd9b0130fbe1cec585b89eea48d3de # v5
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@57e3a136b779b570ffcdbf80b3bdc90e7fab3de2 # v6
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
           files: ./backend/coverage.txt
@@ -155,7 +166,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ github.sha }}
 
       - name: Set up Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: 'npm'
@@ -172,7 +183,7 @@ jobs:
           exit "${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
 
       - name: Upload frontend coverage to Codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@671740ac38dd9b0130fbe1cec585b89eea48d3de # v5
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@57e3a136b779b570ffcdbf80b3bdc90e7fab3de2 # v6
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
           directory: ./frontend/coverage

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ concurrency:
 
 env:
   GOTOOLCHAIN: auto
-  GO_VERSION: '1.26.1'
+  GO_VERSION: '1.26.2'
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
         run: bash scripts/ci/check-codeql-parity.sh
 
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@0d579ffd059c29b07949a3cce3983f0780820c98 # v4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@95e58e9a2cdfd71adc6e0353d5c52f41a045d225 # v4
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           queries: security-and-quality
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Setup Go
         if: matrix.language == 'go'
-        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
         with:
           go-version: ${{ env.GO_VERSION }}
           cache-dependency-path: backend/go.sum
@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ jobs:
         run: mkdir -p sarif-results
 
       - name: Autobuild
-        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@0d579ffd059c29b07949a3cce3983f0780820c98 # v4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@95e58e9a2cdfd71adc6e0353d5c52f41a045d225 # v4
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@0d579ffd059c29b07949a3cce3983f0780820c98 # v4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@95e58e9a2cdfd71adc6e0353d5c52f41a045d225 # v4
         with:
           category: "/language:${{ matrix.language }}"
           output: sarif-results/${{ matrix.language }}

.github/workflows/container-prune.yml

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload GHCR prune artifacts
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7
         with:
           name: prune-ghcr-log-${{ github.run_id }}
           path: |
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Docker Hub prune artifacts
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7
         with:
           name: prune-dockerhub-log-${{ github.run_id }}
           path: |

.github/workflows/create-labels.yml

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}
   cancel-in-progress: false
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   create-labels:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
       issues: write
     steps:
       - name: Create all project labels
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         with:
           script: |
             const labels = [

.github/workflows/crowdsec-integration.yml

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.workflow_run.event || github.event_name }}-${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_branch || github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   crowdsec-integration:
     name: CrowdSec Bouncer Integration
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build Docker image (Local)
         run: |
           echo "Building image locally for integration tests..."
-          docker build -t charon:local .
+          docker build -t charon:local --build-arg CI="${CI:-false}" .
           echo "✅ Successfully built charon:local"
 
       - name: Run CrowdSec integration tests

.github/workflows/docker-build.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ name: Docker Build, Publish & Test
 on:
   pull_request:
   push:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main, development]
   workflow_dispatch:
   workflow_run:
     workflows: ["Docker Lint"]
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name }}-${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_run' && github.event.workflow_run.head_branch || github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 env:
   GHCR_REGISTRY: ghcr.io
   DOCKERHUB_REGISTRY: docker.io
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ env:
   TRIGGER_HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_run' && github.event.workflow_run.head_sha || github.sha }}
   TRIGGER_REF: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_run' && format('refs/heads/{0}', github.event.workflow_run.head_branch) || github.ref }}
   TRIGGER_HEAD_REF: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_run' && github.event.workflow_run.head_branch || github.head_ref }}
-  TRIGGER_PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_run' && join(github.event.workflow_run.pull_requests.*.number, '') || github.event.pull_request.number }}
+  TRIGGER_PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_run' && join(github.event.workflow_run.pull_requests.*.number, '') || format('{0}', github.event.pull_request.number) }}
   TRIGGER_ACTOR: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_run' && github.event.workflow_run.actor.login || github.actor }}
 
 jobs:
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to GitHub Container Registry
         if: steps.skip.outputs.skip_build != 'true'
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.GHCR_REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -138,7 +141,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to Docker Hub
         if: steps.skip.outputs.skip_build != 'true' && env.HAS_DOCKERHUB_TOKEN == 'true'
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
         with:
           registry: docker.io
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
@@ -234,7 +237,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build and push Docker image (with retry)
         if: steps.skip.outputs.skip_build != 'true'
         id: build-and-push
-        uses: nick-fields/retry@ce71cc2ab81d554ebbe88c79ab5975992d79ba08 # v3.0.2
+        uses: nick-fields/retry@ad984534de44a9489a53aefd81eb77f87c70dc60 # v4.0.0
         with:
           timeout_minutes: 25
           max_attempts: 3
@@ -344,7 +347,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Image Artifact
         if: success() && steps.skip.outputs.skip_build != 'true' && env.TRIGGER_EVENT == 'pull_request'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: ${{ env.TRIGGER_EVENT == 'pull_request' && format('pr-image-{0}', env.TRIGGER_PR_NUMBER) || 'push-image' }}
           path: /tmp/charon-pr-image.tar
@@ -538,7 +541,7 @@ jobs:
           format: 'table'
           severity: 'CRITICAL,HIGH'
           exit-code: '0'
-          version: 'v0.69.3'
+          version: 'v0.70.0'
         continue-on-error: true
 
       - name: Run Trivy vulnerability scanner (SARIF)
@@ -550,7 +553,7 @@ jobs:
           format: 'sarif'
           output: 'trivy-results.sarif'
           severity: 'CRITICAL,HIGH'
-          version: 'v0.69.3'
+          version: 'v0.70.0'
         continue-on-error: true
 
       - name: Check Trivy SARIF exists
@@ -565,7 +568,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Trivy results
         if: env.TRIGGER_EVENT != 'pull_request' && steps.skip.outputs.skip_build != 'true' && steps.trivy-check.outputs.exists == 'true'
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@0d579ffd059c29b07949a3cce3983f0780820c98 # v4.32.6
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@95e58e9a2cdfd71adc6e0353d5c52f41a045d225 # v4.35.2
         with:
           sarif_file: 'trivy-results.sarif'
           category: '.github/workflows/docker-build.yml:build-and-push'
@@ -574,7 +577,7 @@ jobs:
       # Generate SBOM (Software Bill of Materials) for supply chain security
       # Only for production builds (main/development) - feature branches use downstream supply-chain-pr.yml
       - name: Generate SBOM
-        uses: anchore/sbom-action@57aae528053a48a3f6235f2d9461b05fbcb7366d # v0.23.1
+        uses: anchore/sbom-action@e22c389904149dbc22b58101806040fa8d37a610 # v0.24.0
         if: env.TRIGGER_EVENT != 'pull_request' && steps.skip.outputs.skip_build != 'true' && steps.skip.outputs.is_feature_push != 'true'
         with:
           image: ${{ env.GHCR_REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}@${{ steps.build-and-push.outputs.digest }}
@@ -583,7 +586,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Create verifiable attestation for the SBOM
       - name: Attest SBOM
-        uses: actions/attest-sbom@07e74fc4e78d1aad915e867f9a094073a9f71527 # v4.0.0
+        uses: actions/attest-sbom@c604332985a26aa8cf1bdc465b92731239ec6b9e # v4.1.0
         if: env.TRIGGER_EVENT != 'pull_request' && steps.skip.outputs.skip_build != 'true' && steps.skip.outputs.is_feature_push != 'true'
         with:
           subject-name: ${{ env.GHCR_REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
@@ -594,7 +597,7 @@ jobs:
       # Install Cosign for keyless signing
       - name: Install Cosign
         if: env.TRIGGER_EVENT != 'pull_request' && steps.skip.outputs.skip_build != 'true' && steps.skip.outputs.is_feature_push != 'true'
-        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@ba7bc0a3fef59531c69a25acd34668d6d3fe6f22 # v4.1.0
+        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@cad07c2e89fa2edd6e2d7bab4c1aa38e53f76003 # v4.1.1
 
       # Sign GHCR image with keyless signing (Sigstore/Fulcio)
       - name: Sign GHCR Image
@@ -660,7 +663,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "image_ref=${{ env.GHCR_REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:${PR_TAG}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - name: Log in to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.GHCR_REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -698,7 +701,7 @@ jobs:
           format: 'table'
           severity: 'CRITICAL,HIGH'
           exit-code: '0'
-          version: 'v0.69.3'
+          version: 'v0.70.0'
 
       - name: Run Trivy scan on PR image (SARIF - blocking)
         id: trivy-scan
@@ -709,7 +712,7 @@ jobs:
           output: 'trivy-pr-results.sarif'
           severity: 'CRITICAL,HIGH'
           exit-code: '1'  # Intended to block, but continued on error for now
-          version: 'v0.69.3'
+          version: 'v0.70.0'
         continue-on-error: true
 
       - name: Check Trivy PR SARIF exists
@@ -724,14 +727,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Trivy scan results
         if: always() && steps.trivy-pr-check.outputs.exists == 'true'
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@0d579ffd059c29b07949a3cce3983f0780820c98 # v4.32.6
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@95e58e9a2cdfd71adc6e0353d5c52f41a045d225 # v4.35.2
         with:
           sarif_file: 'trivy-pr-results.sarif'
           category: 'docker-pr-image'
 
       - name: Upload Trivy compatibility results (docker-build category)
         if: always() && steps.trivy-pr-check.outputs.exists == 'true'
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@0d579ffd059c29b07949a3cce3983f0780820c98 # v4.32.6
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@95e58e9a2cdfd71adc6e0353d5c52f41a045d225 # v4.35.2
         with:
           sarif_file: 'trivy-pr-results.sarif'
           category: '.github/workflows/docker-build.yml:build-and-push'
@@ -739,7 +742,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Trivy compatibility results (docker-publish alias)
         if: always() && steps.trivy-pr-check.outputs.exists == 'true'
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@0d579ffd059c29b07949a3cce3983f0780820c98 # v4.32.6
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@95e58e9a2cdfd71adc6e0353d5c52f41a045d225 # v4.35.2
         with:
           sarif_file: 'trivy-pr-results.sarif'
           category: '.github/workflows/docker-publish.yml:build-and-push'
@@ -747,7 +750,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Trivy compatibility results (nightly alias)
         if: always() && steps.trivy-pr-check.outputs.exists == 'true'
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@0d579ffd059c29b07949a3cce3983f0780820c98 # v4.32.6
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@95e58e9a2cdfd71adc6e0353d5c52f41a045d225 # v4.35.2
         with:
           sarif_file: 'trivy-pr-results.sarif'
           category: 'trivy-nightly'

.github/workflows/docs-to-issues.yml

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha || github.sha }}
 
       - name: Set up Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Detect changed files
         id: changes
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         env:
           COMMIT_SHA: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha || github.sha }}
         with:
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Process issue files
         id: process
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         env:
           DRY_RUN: ${{ github.event.inputs.dry_run || 'false' }}
         with:

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Step 2: Set up Node.js (for building any JS-based doc tools)
       - name: 🔧 Set up Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
 
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Step 4: Upload the built site
       - name: 📤 Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@7b1f4a764d45c48632c6b24a0339c27f5614fb0b # v4
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@fc324d3547104276b827a68afc52ff2a11cc49c9 # v5
         with:
           path: '_site'
 
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ jobs:
       # Deploy to GitHub Pages
       - name: 🚀 Deploy to GitHub Pages
         id: deployment
-        uses: actions/deploy-pages@d6db90164ac5ed86f2b6aed7e0febac5b3c0c03e # v4
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@cd2ce8fcbc39b97be8ca5fce6e763baed58fa128 # v5
 
       # Create a summary
       - name: 📋 Create deployment summary

.github/workflows/e2e-tests-split.yml

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ on:
 
 env:
   NODE_VERSION: '20'
-  GO_VERSION: '1.26.1'
+  GO_VERSION: '1.26.2'
   GOTOOLCHAIN: auto
   DOCKERHUB_REGISTRY: docker.io
   IMAGE_NAME: ${{ github.repository_owner }}/charon
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Set up Go
         if: steps.resolve-image.outputs.image_source == 'build'
-        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
         with:
           go-version: ${{ env.GO_VERSION }}
 
@@ -151,14 +151,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Set up Node.js
         if: steps.resolve-image.outputs.image_source == 'build'
-        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: 'npm'
 
       - name: Cache npm dependencies
         if: steps.resolve-image.outputs.image_source == 'build'
-        uses: actions/cache@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5
+        uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5
         with:
           path: ~/.npm
           key: npm-${{ hashFiles('package-lock.json') }}
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build Docker image
         id: build-image
         if: steps.resolve-image.outputs.image_source == 'build'
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@bcafcacb16a39f128d818304e6c9c0c18556b85f # v7
         with:
           context: .
           file: ./Dockerfile
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Docker image artifact
         if: steps.resolve-image.outputs.image_source == 'build'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: docker-image
           path: charon-e2e-image.tar
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ github.sha }}
 
       - name: Set up Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: 'npm'
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to Docker Hub
         if: needs.build.outputs.image_source == 'registry'
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload HTML report (Chromium Security)
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: playwright-report-chromium-security
           path: playwright-report/
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Chromium Security coverage (if enabled)
         if: always() && (inputs.playwright_coverage == 'true' || vars.PLAYWRIGHT_COVERAGE == '1')
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: e2e-coverage-chromium-security
           path: coverage/e2e/
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload test traces on failure
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: traces-chromium-security
           path: test-results/**/*.zip
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload diagnostics
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: e2e-diagnostics-chromium-security
           path: diagnostics/
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Docker logs on failure
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: docker-logs-chromium-security
           path: docker-logs-chromium-security.txt
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ github.sha }}
 
       - name: Set up Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: 'npm'
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to Docker Hub
         if: needs.build.outputs.image_source == 'registry'
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload HTML report (Firefox Security)
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: playwright-report-firefox-security
           path: playwright-report/
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Firefox Security coverage (if enabled)
         if: always() && (inputs.playwright_coverage == 'true' || vars.PLAYWRIGHT_COVERAGE == '1')
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: e2e-coverage-firefox-security
           path: coverage/e2e/
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload test traces on failure
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: traces-firefox-security
           path: test-results/**/*.zip
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload diagnostics
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: e2e-diagnostics-firefox-security
           path: diagnostics/
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Docker logs on failure
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: docker-logs-firefox-security
           path: docker-logs-firefox-security.txt
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ github.sha }}
 
       - name: Set up Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: 'npm'
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to Docker Hub
         if: needs.build.outputs.image_source == 'registry'
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload HTML report (WebKit Security)
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: playwright-report-webkit-security
           path: playwright-report/
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload WebKit Security coverage (if enabled)
         if: always() && (inputs.playwright_coverage == 'true' || vars.PLAYWRIGHT_COVERAGE == '1')
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: e2e-coverage-webkit-security
           path: coverage/e2e/
@@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload test traces on failure
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: traces-webkit-security
           path: test-results/**/*.zip
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload diagnostics
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: e2e-diagnostics-webkit-security
           path: diagnostics/
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Docker logs on failure
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: docker-logs-webkit-security
           path: docker-logs-webkit-security.txt
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ github.sha }}
 
       - name: Set up Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: 'npm'
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to Docker Hub
         if: needs.build.outputs.image_source == 'registry'
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
@@ -980,6 +980,7 @@ jobs:
             --project=chromium \
             --shard=${{ matrix.shard }}/${{ matrix.total-shards }} \
             --output=playwright-output/chromium-shard-${{ matrix.shard }} \
+            tests/a11y \
             tests/core \
             tests/dns-provider-crud.spec.ts \
             tests/dns-provider-types.spec.ts \
@@ -1004,7 +1005,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload HTML report (Chromium shard ${{ matrix.shard }})
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: playwright-report-chromium-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: playwright-report/
@@ -1012,7 +1013,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Playwright output (Chromium shard ${{ matrix.shard }})
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: playwright-output-chromium-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: playwright-output/chromium-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}/
@@ -1020,7 +1021,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Chromium coverage (if enabled)
         if: always() && (inputs.playwright_coverage == 'true' || vars.PLAYWRIGHT_COVERAGE == '1')
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: e2e-coverage-chromium-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: coverage/e2e/
@@ -1028,7 +1029,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload test traces on failure
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: traces-chromium-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: test-results/**/*.zip
@@ -1047,7 +1048,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload diagnostics
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: e2e-diagnostics-chromium-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: diagnostics/
@@ -1060,7 +1061,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Docker logs on failure
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: docker-logs-chromium-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: docker-logs-chromium-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}.txt
@@ -1096,7 +1097,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ github.sha }}
 
       - name: Set up Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: 'npm'
@@ -1136,7 +1137,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to Docker Hub
         if: needs.build.outputs.image_source == 'registry'
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
@@ -1225,6 +1226,7 @@ jobs:
             --project=firefox \
             --shard=${{ matrix.shard }}/${{ matrix.total-shards }} \
             --output=playwright-output/firefox-shard-${{ matrix.shard }} \
+            tests/a11y \
             tests/core \
             tests/dns-provider-crud.spec.ts \
             tests/dns-provider-types.spec.ts \
@@ -1249,7 +1251,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload HTML report (Firefox shard ${{ matrix.shard }})
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: playwright-report-firefox-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: playwright-report/
@@ -1257,7 +1259,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Playwright output (Firefox shard ${{ matrix.shard }})
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: playwright-output-firefox-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: playwright-output/firefox-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}/
@@ -1265,7 +1267,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Firefox coverage (if enabled)
         if: always() && (inputs.playwright_coverage == 'true' || vars.PLAYWRIGHT_COVERAGE == '1')
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: e2e-coverage-firefox-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: coverage/e2e/
@@ -1273,7 +1275,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload test traces on failure
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: traces-firefox-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: test-results/**/*.zip
@@ -1292,7 +1294,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload diagnostics
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: e2e-diagnostics-firefox-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: diagnostics/
@@ -1305,7 +1307,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Docker logs on failure
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: docker-logs-firefox-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: docker-logs-firefox-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}.txt
@@ -1341,7 +1343,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ github.sha }}
 
       - name: Set up Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: 'npm'
@@ -1381,7 +1383,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to Docker Hub
         if: needs.build.outputs.image_source == 'registry'
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
@@ -1470,6 +1472,7 @@ jobs:
             --project=webkit \
             --shard=${{ matrix.shard }}/${{ matrix.total-shards }} \
             --output=playwright-output/webkit-shard-${{ matrix.shard }} \
+            tests/a11y \
             tests/core \
             tests/dns-provider-crud.spec.ts \
             tests/dns-provider-types.spec.ts \
@@ -1494,7 +1497,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload HTML report (WebKit shard ${{ matrix.shard }})
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7
         with:
           name: playwright-report-webkit-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: playwright-report/
@@ -1502,7 +1505,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Playwright output (WebKit shard ${{ matrix.shard }})
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7
         with:
           name: playwright-output-webkit-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: playwright-output/webkit-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}/
@@ -1510,7 +1513,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload WebKit coverage (if enabled)
         if: always() && (inputs.playwright_coverage == 'true' || vars.PLAYWRIGHT_COVERAGE == '1')
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7
         with:
           name: e2e-coverage-webkit-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: coverage/e2e/
@@ -1518,7 +1521,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload test traces on failure
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7
         with:
           name: traces-webkit-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: test-results/**/*.zip
@@ -1537,7 +1540,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload diagnostics
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7
         with:
           name: e2e-diagnostics-webkit-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: diagnostics/
@@ -1550,7 +1553,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Docker logs on failure
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7
         with:
           name: docker-logs-webkit-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}
           path: docker-logs-webkit-shard-${{ matrix.shard }}.txt
@@ -1606,7 +1609,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Check test results
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         env:
           EFFECTIVE_BROWSER: ${{ inputs.browser || 'all' }}
           EFFECTIVE_CATEGORY: ${{ inputs.test_category || 'all' }}

.github/workflows/gh_cache_cleanup.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ on:
         required: true
         type: string
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   cleanup:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest

.github/workflows/history-rewrite-tests.yml

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name }}-${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_branch || github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest

.github/workflows/nightly-build.yml

@@ -15,13 +15,16 @@ on:
       default: "false"
 
 env:
-  GO_VERSION: '1.26.1'
+  GO_VERSION: '1.26.2'
   NODE_VERSION: '24.12.0'
   GOTOOLCHAIN: auto
   GHCR_REGISTRY: ghcr.io
   DOCKERHUB_REGISTRY: docker.io
   IMAGE_NAME: wikid82/charon
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   sync-development-to-nightly:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
     steps:
       - name: Dispatch Missing Nightly Validation Workflows
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         with:
           script: |
             const owner = context.repo.owner;
@@ -178,7 +181,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "image=${ALPINE_IMAGE_REF}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - name: Log in to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2  # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121  # v4.1.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.GHCR_REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -186,7 +189,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to Docker Hub
         if: env.HAS_DOCKERHUB_TOKEN == 'true'
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2  # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121  # v4.1.0
         with:
           registry: docker.io
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
@@ -209,7 +212,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build and push Docker image
         id: build
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294  # v7.0.0
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@bcafcacb16a39f128d818304e6c9c0c18556b85f  # v7.1.0
         with:
           context: .
           platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
@@ -263,7 +266,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Generate SBOM
         id: sbom_primary
         continue-on-error: true
-        uses: anchore/sbom-action@57aae528053a48a3f6235f2d9461b05fbcb7366d  # v0.23.1
+        uses: anchore/sbom-action@e22c389904149dbc22b58101806040fa8d37a610  # v0.24.0
         with:
           image: ${{ env.GHCR_REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}@${{ steps.resolve_digest.outputs.digest }}
           format: cyclonedx-json
@@ -282,7 +285,7 @@ jobs:
 
           echo "Primary SBOM generation failed or produced missing/invalid output; using deterministic Syft fallback"
 
-          SYFT_VERSION="v1.42.2"
+          SYFT_VERSION="v1.42.4"
           OS="$(uname -s | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')"
           ARCH="$(uname -m)"
           case "$ARCH" in
@@ -325,7 +328,7 @@ jobs:
           ' sbom-nightly.json >/dev/null
 
       - name: Upload SBOM artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f  # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: sbom-nightly
           path: sbom-nightly.json
@@ -333,7 +336,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Install Cosign for keyless signing
       - name: Install Cosign
-        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@ba7bc0a3fef59531c69a25acd34668d6d3fe6f22  # v4.1.0
+        uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@cad07c2e89fa2edd6e2d7bab4c1aa38e53f76003  # v4.1.1
 
       # Sign GHCR image with keyless signing (Sigstore/Fulcio)
       - name: Sign GHCR Image
@@ -375,7 +378,7 @@ jobs:
         run: echo "IMAGE_NAME_LC=${IMAGE_NAME,,}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
 
       - name: Log in to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2  # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121  # v4.1.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.GHCR_REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -391,14 +394,28 @@ jobs:
             -p 8080:8080 \
             "${IMAGE_REF}"
 
-          # Wait for container to start
-          sleep 10
+          # Wait for container to become healthy
+          echo "⏳ Waiting for Charon to be healthy..."
+          MAX_ATTEMPTS=30
+          ATTEMPT=0
+          while [[ ${ATTEMPT} -lt ${MAX_ATTEMPTS} ]]; do
+            ATTEMPT=$((ATTEMPT + 1))
+            echo "Attempt ${ATTEMPT}/${MAX_ATTEMPTS}..."
+            if docker exec charon-nightly wget -qO- http://127.0.0.1:8080/health > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+              echo "✅ Charon is healthy!"
+              docker exec charon-nightly wget -qO- http://127.0.0.1:8080/health
+              break
+            fi
+            sleep 2
+          done
 
-          # Check container is running
-          docker ps | grep charon-nightly
-
-          # Basic health check
-          curl -f http://localhost:8080/health || exit 1
+          if [[ ${ATTEMPT} -ge ${MAX_ATTEMPTS} ]]; then
+            echo "❌ Health check failed after ${MAX_ATTEMPTS} attempts"
+            docker logs charon-nightly
+            docker stop charon-nightly
+            docker rm charon-nightly
+            exit 1
+          fi
 
           # Cleanup
           docker stop charon-nightly
@@ -435,7 +452,7 @@ jobs:
           name: sbom-nightly
 
       - name: Scan with Grype
-        uses: anchore/scan-action@7037fa011853d5a11690026fb85feee79f4c946c  # v7.3.2
+        uses: anchore/scan-action@e1165082ffb1fe366ebaf02d8526e7c4989ea9d2  # v7.4.0
         with:
           sbom: sbom-nightly.json
           fail-build: false
@@ -447,11 +464,11 @@ jobs:
           image-ref: ${{ env.GHCR_REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:nightly@${{ needs.build-and-push-nightly.outputs.digest }}
           format: 'sarif'
           output: 'trivy-nightly.sarif'
-          version: 'v0.69.3'
+          version: 'v0.70.0'
           trivyignores: '.trivyignore'
 
       - name: Upload Trivy results
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@0d579ffd059c29b07949a3cce3983f0780820c98  # v4.32.6
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@95e58e9a2cdfd71adc6e0353d5c52f41a045d225  # v4.35.2
         with:
           sarif_file: 'trivy-nightly.sarif'
           category: 'trivy-nightly'

.github/workflows/pr-checklist.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ inputs.pr_number || github.event.pull_request.number }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pull-requests: write
+
 jobs:
   validate:
     name: Validate history-rewrite checklist (conditional)
@@ -21,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6
 
       - name: Validate PR checklist (only for history-rewrite changes)
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         env:
           PR_NUMBER: ${{ inputs.pr_number }}
         with:

.github/workflows/propagate-changes.yml

@@ -28,15 +28,17 @@ jobs:
       (github.event.workflow_run.head_branch == 'main' || github.event.workflow_run.head_branch == 'development')
     steps:
       - name: Set up Node (for github-script)
-        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
 
       - name: Propagate Changes
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         env:
           CURRENT_BRANCH: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_branch || github.ref_name }}
           CURRENT_SHA: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha || github.sha }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          CHARON_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CHARON_TOKEN }}
         with:
           script: |
             const currentBranch = process.env.CURRENT_BRANCH || context.ref.replace('refs/heads/', '');
@@ -133,7 +135,9 @@ jobs:
 
                 const sensitive = files.some(fn => configPaths.some(sp => fn.startsWith(sp) || fn.includes(sp)));
                 if (sensitive) {
-                  core.info(`${src} -> ${base} contains sensitive changes (${files.join(', ')}). Skipping automatic propagation.`);
+                  const preview = files.slice(0, 25).join(', ');
+                  const suffix = files.length > 25 ? ` …(+${files.length - 25} more)` : '';
+                  core.info(`${src} -> ${base} contains sensitive changes (${preview}${suffix}). Skipping automatic propagation.`);
                   return;
                 }
               } catch (error) {
@@ -203,6 +207,3 @@ jobs:
                 await createPR('development', targetBranch);
               }
             }
-            env:
-              GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-              CHARON_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CHARON_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/quality-checks.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ permissions:
   checks: write
 
 env:
-  GO_VERSION: '1.26.1'
+  GO_VERSION: '1.26.2'
   NODE_VERSION: '24.12.0'
   GOTOOLCHAIN: auto
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ github.sha }}
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
         with:
           go-version: ${{ env.GO_VERSION }}
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ jobs:
           } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
         with:
           go-version: ${{ env.GO_VERSION }}
 
@@ -148,14 +148,24 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           bash "scripts/repo_health_check.sh"
 
+      - name: Install gotestsum
+        run: go install gotest.tools/gotestsum@v1.13.0
+
       - name: Run Go tests
         id: go-tests
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: 1
         run: |
-          bash "scripts/go-test-coverage.sh" 2>&1 | tee backend/test-output.txt
-          exit "${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
+          bash "scripts/go-test-coverage.sh" 2>&1 | tee backend/test-output.txt; exit "${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
+
+      - name: Upload test output artifact
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: backend-test-output
+          path: backend/test-output.txt
+          retention-days: 7
 
       - name: Go Test Summary
         if: always()
@@ -232,11 +242,12 @@ jobs:
           PERF_MAX_MS_GETSTATUS_P95_PARALLEL: 1500ms
           PERF_MAX_MS_LISTDECISIONS_P95: 2000ms
         run: |
+          go test -run TestPerf -v ./internal/api/handlers -count=1 2>&1 | tee perf-output.txt; PERF_STATUS="${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
           {
             echo "## 🔍 Running performance assertions (TestPerf)"
-            go test -run TestPerf -v ./internal/api/handlers -count=1 | tee perf-output.txt
+            cat perf-output.txt
           } >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-          exit "${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
+          exit "$PERF_STATUS"
 
   frontend-quality:
     name: Frontend (React)
@@ -251,12 +262,18 @@ jobs:
           bash "scripts/repo_health_check.sh"
 
       - name: Set up Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: 'npm'
           cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
 
+      - name: Verify lockfile integrity and audit dependencies
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: |
+          npm ci --ignore-scripts
+          npm audit --audit-level=critical
+
       - name: Check if frontend was modified in PR
         id: check-frontend
         run: |
@@ -298,8 +315,7 @@ jobs:
         id: frontend-tests
         working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
         run: |
-          bash scripts/frontend-test-coverage.sh 2>&1 | tee frontend/test-output.txt
-          exit "${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
+          bash scripts/frontend-test-coverage.sh 2>&1 | tee frontend/test-output.txt; exit "${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
 
       - name: Frontend Test Summary
         if: always()

.github/workflows/rate-limit-integration.yml

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.workflow_run.event || github.event_name }}-${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_branch || github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   rate-limit-integration:
     name: Rate Limiting Integration
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build Docker image (Local)
         run: |
           echo "Building image locally for integration tests..."
-          docker build -t charon:local .
+          docker build -t charon:local --build-arg CI="${CI:-false}" .
           echo "✅ Successfully built charon:local"
 
       - name: Run rate limit integration tests
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
 
             echo "### Caddy Admin Config (rate_limit handlers)"
             echo '```json'
-            curl -s http://localhost:2119/config 2>/dev/null | grep -A 20 '"handler":"rate_limit"' | head -30 || echo "Could not retrieve Caddy config"
+            curl -s http://localhost:2119/config/ 2>/dev/null | grep -A 20 '"handler":"rate_limit"' | head -30 || echo "Could not retrieve Caddy config"
             echo '```'
             echo ""
 

.github/workflows/release-goreleaser.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: false
 
 env:
-  GO_VERSION: '1.26.1'
+  GO_VERSION: '1.26.2'
   NODE_VERSION: '24.12.0'
   GOTOOLCHAIN: auto
 
@@ -45,14 +45,14 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
         with:
           go-version: ${{ env.GO_VERSION }}
 
           cache-dependency-path: backend/go.sum
 
       - name: Set up Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@53b83947a5a98c8d113130e565377fae1a50d02f # v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install Cross-Compilation Tools (Zig)
         # Security: Pinned to full SHA for supply chain security
-        uses: goto-bus-stop/setup-zig@abea47f85e598557f500fa1fd2ab7464fcb39406 # v2
+        uses: mlugg/setup-zig@d1434d08867e3ee9daa34448df10607b98908d29 # v2.2.1
         with:
           version: 0.13.0
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ jobs:
 
 
       - name: Run GoReleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@ec59f474b9834571250b370d4735c50f8e2d1e29 # v7
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@e24998b8b67b290c2fa8b7c14fcfa7de2c5c9b8c # v7
         with:
           distribution: goreleaser
           version: '~> v2.5'

.github/workflows/renovate.yml

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ permissions:
   pull-requests: write
   issues: write
 
+env:
+  GO_VERSION: '1.26.2'
+
 jobs:
   renovate:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -24,8 +27,13 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 1
 
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6
+        with:
+          go-version: ${{ env.GO_VERSION }}
+
       - name: Run Renovate
-        uses: renovatebot/github-action@0b17c4eb901eca44d018fb25744a50a74b2042df # v46.1.4
+        uses: renovatebot/github-action@83ec54fee49ab67d9cd201084c1ff325b4b462e4 # v46.1.10
         with:
           configurationFile: .github/renovate.json
           token: ${{ secrets.RENOVATE_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/renovate_prune.yml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
             echo "GITHUB_TOKEN=${{ secrets.CHARON_TOKEN }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
           fi
       - name: Prune renovate branches
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         with:
           github-token: ${{ env.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |

.github/workflows/repo-health.yml

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   repo_health:
     name: Repo health
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload health output
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7
         with:
           name: repo-health-output
           path: |

.github/workflows/security-pr.yml

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: security-pr-${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_run' && github.event.workflow_run.event || github.event_name }}-${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_run' && github.event.workflow_run.head_branch || github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   security-scan:
     name: Trivy Binary Scan
@@ -240,7 +243,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download PR image artifact
         if: github.event_name == 'workflow_run' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         # actions/download-artifact v4.1.8
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@484a0b528fb4d7bd804637ccb632e47a0e638317
         with:
           name: ${{ steps.check-artifact.outputs.artifact_name }}
           run-id: ${{ steps.check-artifact.outputs.run_id }}
@@ -361,7 +364,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Run Trivy filesystem scan (SARIF output)
         if: steps.check-artifact.outputs.artifact_exists == 'true' || github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-        # aquasecurity/trivy-action v0.33.1
+        # aquasecurity/trivy-action 0.35.0
         uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@57a97c7e7821a5776cebc9bb87c984fa69cba8f1
         with:
           scan-type: 'fs'
@@ -385,7 +388,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Upload Trivy SARIF to GitHub Security
         if: always() && steps.trivy-sarif-check.outputs.exists == 'true'
         # github/codeql-action v4
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@1a97b0f94ec9297d6f58aefe5a6b5441c045bed4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@34950e1b113b30df4edee1a6d3a605242df0c40b
         with:
           sarif_file: 'trivy-binary-results.sarif'
           category: ${{ steps.pr-info.outputs.is_push == 'true' && format('security-scan-{0}', github.event_name == 'workflow_run' && github.event.workflow_run.head_branch || github.ref_name) || format('security-scan-pr-{0}', steps.pr-info.outputs.pr_number) }}
@@ -393,7 +396,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Run Trivy filesystem scan (fail on CRITICAL/HIGH)
         if: steps.check-artifact.outputs.artifact_exists == 'true' || github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-        # aquasecurity/trivy-action v0.33.1
+        # aquasecurity/trivy-action 0.35.0
         uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@57a97c7e7821a5776cebc9bb87c984fa69cba8f1
         with:
           scan-type: 'fs'

.github/workflows/security-weekly-rebuild.yml

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: false
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 env:
   REGISTRY: ghcr.io
   IMAGE_NAME: ${{ github.repository_owner }}/charon
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "Base image digest: $DIGEST"
 
       - name: Log in to Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@4907a6ddec9925e35a0a9e82d7399ccc52663121 # v4.1.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build Docker image (NO CACHE)
         id: build
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@bcafcacb16a39f128d818304e6c9c0c18556b85f # v7
         with:
           context: .
           platforms: linux/amd64
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@ jobs:
           format: 'table'
           severity: 'CRITICAL,HIGH'
           exit-code: '1' # Fail workflow if vulnerabilities found
-          version: 'v0.69.3'
+          version: 'v0.70.0'
         continue-on-error: true
 
       - name: Run Trivy vulnerability scanner (SARIF)
@@ -110,10 +113,10 @@ jobs:
           format: 'sarif'
           output: 'trivy-weekly-results.sarif'
           severity: 'CRITICAL,HIGH,MEDIUM'
-          version: 'v0.69.3'
+          version: 'v0.70.0'
 
       - name: Upload Trivy results to GitHub Security
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@0d579ffd059c29b07949a3cce3983f0780820c98 # v4.32.6
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@95e58e9a2cdfd71adc6e0353d5c52f41a045d225 # v4.35.2
         with:
           sarif_file: 'trivy-weekly-results.sarif'
 
@@ -124,10 +127,10 @@ jobs:
           format: 'json'
           output: 'trivy-weekly-results.json'
           severity: 'CRITICAL,HIGH,MEDIUM,LOW'
-          version: 'v0.69.3'
+          version: 'v0.70.0'
 
       - name: Upload Trivy JSON results
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7
         with:
           name: trivy-weekly-scan-${{ github.run_number }}
           path: trivy-weekly-results.json

.github/workflows/supply-chain-pr.yml

@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ jobs:
       # Generate SBOM using official Anchore action (auto-updated by Renovate)
       - name: Generate SBOM
         if: steps.set-target.outputs.image_name != ''
-        uses: anchore/sbom-action@57aae528053a48a3f6235f2d9461b05fbcb7366d # v0.23.1
+        uses: anchore/sbom-action@e22c389904149dbc22b58101806040fa8d37a610 # v0.24.0
         id: sbom
         with:
           image: ${{ steps.set-target.outputs.image_name }}
@@ -281,19 +281,19 @@ jobs:
           echo "component_count=${COMPONENT_COUNT}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
           echo "✅ SBOM generated with ${COMPONENT_COUNT} components"
 
-      # Scan for vulnerabilities using manual Grype installation (pinned to v0.107.1)
+      # Scan for vulnerabilities using manual Grype installation (pinned to v0.110.0)
       - name: Install Grype
         if: steps.set-target.outputs.image_name != ''
         run: |
-          curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/anchore/grype/main/install.sh | sh -s -- -b /usr/local/bin v0.109.1
+          curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/anchore/grype/main/install.sh | sh -s -- -b /usr/local/bin v0.111.0
 
       - name: Scan for vulnerabilities
         if: steps.set-target.outputs.image_name != ''
         id: grype-scan
         run: |
           echo "🔍 Scanning SBOM for vulnerabilities..."
-          grype sbom:sbom.cyclonedx.json -o json > grype-results.json
-          grype sbom:sbom.cyclonedx.json -o sarif > grype-results.sarif
+          grype sbom:sbom.cyclonedx.json --config .grype.yaml -o json > grype-results.json
+          grype sbom:sbom.cyclonedx.json --config .grype.yaml -o sarif > grype-results.sarif
 
       - name: Debug Output Files
         if: steps.set-target.outputs.image_name != ''
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload SARIF to GitHub Security
         if: steps.check-artifact.outputs.artifact_found == 'true'
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@0d579ffd059c29b07949a3cce3983f0780820c98 # v4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@95e58e9a2cdfd71adc6e0353d5c52f41a045d225 # v4
         continue-on-error: true
         with:
           sarif_file: grype-results.sarif
@@ -381,9 +381,12 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Comment on PR
         if: steps.set-target.outputs.image_name != '' && steps.pr-number.outputs.is_push != 'true' && steps.pr-number.outputs.pr_number != ''
+        continue-on-error: true
         env:
           GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
           PR_NUMBER="${{ steps.pr-number.outputs.pr_number }}"
           COMPONENT_COUNT="${{ steps.sbom-count.outputs.component_count }}"
           CRITICAL_COUNT="${{ steps.vuln-summary.outputs.critical_count }}"
@@ -429,29 +432,38 @@ jobs:
           EOF
           )
 
-          # Find and update existing comment or create new one
-          COMMENT_ID=$(gh api \
+          # Fetch existing comments — skip gracefully on 403 / permission errors
+          COMMENTS_JSON=""
+          if ! COMMENTS_JSON=$(gh api \
             -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
             -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
-            "/repos/${{ github.repository }}/issues/${PR_NUMBER}/comments" \
-            --jq '.[] | select(.body | contains("Supply Chain Verification Results")) | .id' | head -1)
+            "/repos/${{ github.repository }}/issues/${PR_NUMBER}/comments" 2>/dev/null); then
+            echo "⚠️ Cannot access PR comments (likely token permissions / fork / event context). Skipping PR comment."
+            exit 0
+          fi
 
-          if [[ -n "${COMMENT_ID}" ]]; then
+          COMMENT_ID=$(echo "${COMMENTS_JSON}" | jq -r '.[] | select(.body | contains("Supply Chain Verification Results")) | .id' | head -1)
+
+          if [[ -n "${COMMENT_ID:-}" && "${COMMENT_ID}" != "null" ]]; then
             echo "📝 Updating existing comment..."
-            gh api \
-              --method PATCH \
+            if ! gh api --method PATCH \
               -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
               -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
               "/repos/${{ github.repository }}/issues/comments/${COMMENT_ID}" \
-              -f body="${COMMENT_BODY}"
+              -f body="${COMMENT_BODY}"; then
+              echo "⚠️ Failed to update comment (permissions?). Skipping."
+              exit 0
+            fi
           else
             echo "📝 Creating new comment..."
-            gh api \
-              --method POST \
+            if ! gh api --method POST \
               -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
               -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
               "/repos/${{ github.repository }}/issues/${PR_NUMBER}/comments" \
-              -f body="${COMMENT_BODY}"
+              -f body="${COMMENT_BODY}"; then
+              echo "⚠️ Failed to create comment (permissions?). Skipping."
+              exit 0
+            fi
           fi
 
           echo "✅ PR comment posted"

.github/workflows/supply-chain-verify.yml

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ jobs:
       # Generate SBOM using official Anchore action (auto-updated by Renovate)
       - name: Generate and Verify SBOM
         if: steps.image-check.outputs.exists == 'true'
-        uses: anchore/sbom-action@57aae528053a48a3f6235f2d9461b05fbcb7366d # v0.23.1
+        uses: anchore/sbom-action@e22c389904149dbc22b58101806040fa8d37a610 # v0.24.0
         with:
           image: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/charon:${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}
           format: cyclonedx-json
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload SBOM Artifact
         if: steps.image-check.outputs.exists == 'true' && always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f  # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: sbom-${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}
           path: sbom-verify.cyclonedx.json
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ jobs:
       # Scan for vulnerabilities using official Anchore action (auto-updated by Renovate)
       - name: Scan for Vulnerabilities
         if: steps.validate-sbom.outputs.valid == 'true'
-        uses: anchore/scan-action@7037fa011853d5a11690026fb85feee79f4c946c # v7.3.2
+        uses: anchore/scan-action@e1165082ffb1fe366ebaf02d8526e7c4989ea9d2 # v7.4.0
         id: scan
         with:
           sbom: sbom-verify.cyclonedx.json
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload Vulnerability Scan Artifact
         if: steps.validate-sbom.outputs.valid == 'true' && always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f  # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a  # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: vulnerability-scan-${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}
           path: |
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ jobs:
         if: |
           github.event_name == 'pull_request' ||
           (github.event_name == 'workflow_run' && github.event.workflow_run.event == 'pull_request')
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd  # v8.0.0
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3  # v9.0.0
         with:
           result-encoding: string
           script: |

.github/workflows/update-geolite2.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: Update GeoLite2 Checksum
 
 on:
   schedule:
-    - cron: '0 2 * * 1'  # Weekly on Mondays at 2 AM UTC
+    - cron: '0 2 * * 0'  # Weekly on Sundays at 2 AM UTC
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 permissions:
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Create Pull Request
         if: steps.checksum.outputs.needs_update == 'true'
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@c0f553fe549906ede9cf27b5156039d195d2ece0 # v8.1.0
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@5f6978faf089d4d20b00c7766989d076bb2fc7f1 # v8.1.1
         with:
           title: "chore(docker): update GeoLite2-Country.mmdb checksum"
           body: |
@@ -141,7 +141,8 @@ jobs:
             ---
 
             **Auto-generated by:** `.github/workflows/update-geolite2.yml`
-            **Trigger:** Scheduled weekly check (Mondays 2 AM UTC)
+            - **Trigger:** Scheduled weekly check (Sundays 2 AM UTC)
+          base: development
           branch: bot/update-geolite2-checksum
           delete-branch: true
           commit-message: |
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Report failure via GitHub Issue
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         with:
           script: |
             const errorType = '${{ steps.checksum.outputs.error }}' || 'unknown';
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ jobs:
 
             ### Workflow Details
             - **Run URL:** ${runUrl}
-            - **Triggered:** ${context.eventName === 'schedule' ? 'Scheduled (weekly)' : 'Manual dispatch'}
+            - **Triggered:** ${context.eventName === 'schedule' ? 'Scheduled (weekly, Sundays)' : 'Manual dispatch'}
             - **Timestamp:** ${new Date().toISOString()}
 
             ### Required Actions

.github/workflows/waf-integration.yml

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.workflow_run.event || github.event_name }}-${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_branch || github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   waf-integration:
     name: Coraza WAF Integration
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build Docker image (Local)
         run: |
           echo "Building image locally for integration tests..."
-          docker build -t charon:local .
+          docker build -t charon:local --build-arg CI="${CI:-false}" .
           echo "✅ Successfully built charon:local"
 
       - name: Run WAF integration tests

.github/workflows/weekly-nightly-promotion.yml

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Check Nightly Workflow Status
         id: check
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         with:
           script: |
             const skipCheck = '${{ inputs.skip_workflow_check }}' === 'true';
@@ -200,8 +200,8 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: needs.check-nightly-health.outputs.is_healthy == 'true'
     outputs:
-      pr_number: ${{ steps.create-pr.outputs.pr_number }}
-      pr_url: ${{ steps.create-pr.outputs.pr_url }}
+      pr_number: ${{ steps.create-pr.outputs.pr_number || steps.existing-pr.outputs.pr_number }}
+      pr_url: ${{ steps.create-pr.outputs.pr_url || steps.existing-pr.outputs.pr_url }}
       skipped: ${{ steps.check-diff.outputs.skipped }}
 
     steps:
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Check for Existing PR
         id: existing-pr
         if: steps.check-diff.outputs.skipped != 'true'
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         with:
           script: |
             const { data: pulls } = await github.rest.pulls.list({
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Create Promotion PR
         id: create-pr
         if: steps.check-diff.outputs.skipped != 'true' && steps.existing-pr.outputs.exists != 'true'
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         with:
           script: |
             const fs = require('fs');
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Update Existing PR
         if: steps.check-diff.outputs.skipped != 'true' && steps.existing-pr.outputs.exists == 'true'
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         with:
           script: |
             const prNumber = ${{ steps.existing-pr.outputs.pr_number }};
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
     steps:
       - name: Dispatch missing required workflows on nightly head
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         with:
           script: |
             const owner = context.repo.owner;
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Create Failure Issue
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9
         with:
           script: |
             const isHealthy = '${{ needs.check-nightly-health.outputs.is_healthy }}';

.gitignore

@@ -314,3 +314,12 @@ validation-evidence/**
 .github/agents/# Tools Configuration.md
 docs/reports/codecove_patch_report.md
 vuln-results.json
+test_output.txt
+coverage_results.txt
+final-results.json
+new-results.json
+scan_output.json
+coverage_output.txt
+frontend/lint_output.txt
+lefthook_out.txt
+backend/test_out.txt

.grype.yaml

@@ -4,136 +4,618 @@
 # Documentation: https://github.com/anchore/grype#specifying-matches-to-ignore
 
 ignore:
-  # CVE-2026-22184: zlib Global Buffer Overflow in untgz utility
-  # Severity: CRITICAL
-  # Package: zlib 1.3.1-r2 (Alpine Linux base image)
-  # Status: No upstream fix available as of 2026-01-16
+  # CVE-2026-2673: OpenSSL TLS 1.3 server key exchange group downgrade
+  # Severity: HIGH (CVSS 7.5)
+  # Packages: libcrypto3 3.5.5-r0 and libssl3 3.5.5-r0 (Alpine apk)
+  # Status: No upstream fix available — Alpine 3.23 still ships libcrypto3/libssl3 3.5.5-r0 as of 2026-03-18
   #
   # Vulnerability Details:
-  # - Global buffer overflow in TGZfname() function
-  # - Unbounded strcpy() allows attacker-controlled archive names
-  # - Can lead to memory corruption, DoS, potential RCE
+  # - When DEFAULT is in the TLS 1.3 group configuration, the OpenSSL server may select
+  #   a weaker key exchange group than preferred, enabling a limited key exchange downgrade.
+  # - Only affects systems acting as a raw TLS 1.3 server using OpenSSL's server-side group negotiation.
   #
-  # Risk Assessment: ACCEPTED (Low exploitability in Charon context)
-  # - Charon does not use untgz utility directly
-  # - No untrusted tar archive processing in application code
-  # - Attack surface limited to OS-level utilities
-  # - Multiple layers of containerization and isolation
+  # Root Cause (No Fix Available):
+  # - Alpine upstream has not published a patched libcrypto3/libssl3 for Alpine 3.23.
+  # - Checked: Alpine 3.23 still ships libcrypto3/libssl3 3.5.5-r0 as of 2026-03-18.
+  # - Fix path: once Alpine publishes a patched libcrypto3/libssl3, rebuild the Docker image
+  #   and remove this suppression.
   #
-  # Mitigation:
-  # - Monitor Alpine Linux security feed daily for zlib patches
-  # - Container runs with minimal privileges (no-new-privileges)
-  # - Read-only filesystem where possible
-  # - Network isolation via Docker networks
-  #
-  # Review:
-  # - Daily checks for Alpine security updates
-  # - Automatic re-scan via CI/CD on every commit
-  # - Manual review scheduled for 2026-01-23 (7 days)
-  #
-  # Removal Criteria:
-  # - Alpine releases zlib 1.3.1-r3 or higher with CVE fix
-  # - OR upstream zlib project releases patched version
-  # - Remove this suppression immediately after fix available
-  #
-  # References:
-  # - CVE: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22184
-  # - Alpine Security: https://security.alpinelinux.org/
-  # - GitHub Issue: https://github.com/Wikid82/Charon/issues/TBD
-  - vulnerability: CVE-2026-22184
-    package:
-      name: zlib
-      version: "1.3.1-r2"
-      type: apk  # Alpine package
-    reason: |
-      CRITICAL buffer overflow in untgz utility. No fix available from Alpine
-      as of 2026-01-16. Risk accepted: Charon does not directly use untgz or
-      process untrusted tar archives. Attack surface limited to base OS utilities.
-      Monitoring Alpine security feed for upstream patch.
-    expiry: "2026-03-14"  # Re-evaluate in 7 days
-
-    # Action items when this suppression expires:
-    # 1. Check Alpine security feed: https://security.alpinelinux.org/
-    # 2. Check zlib releases: https://github.com/madler/zlib/releases
-    # 3. If fix available: Update Dockerfile, rebuild, remove suppression
-    # 4. If no fix: Extend expiry by 7 days, document justification
-    # 5. If extended 3+ times: Escalate to security team for review
-
-  # GHSA-69x3-g4r3-p962 / CVE-2026-25793: Nebula ECDSA Signature Malleability
-  # Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8.1)
-  # Package: github.com/slackhq/nebula v1.9.7 (embedded in /usr/bin/caddy)
-  # Status: Cannot upgrade — smallstep/certificates v0.30.0-rc2 still pins nebula v1.9.x
-  #
-  # Vulnerability Details:
-  # - ECDSA signature malleability allows bypassing certificate blocklists
-  # - Attacker can forge alternate valid P256 ECDSA signatures for revoked
-  #   certificates (CVSSv3: AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N)
-  # - Only affects configurations using Nebula-based certificate authorities
-  #   (non-default and uncommon in Charon deployments)
-  #
-  # Root Cause (Compile-Time Dependency Lock):
-  # - Caddy is built with caddy-security plugin, which transitively requires
-  #   github.com/smallstep/certificates. That package pins nebula v1.9.x.
-  # - Checked: smallstep/certificates v0.27.5 → v0.30.0-rc2 all require nebula v1.9.4–v1.9.7.
-  #   The nebula v1.10 API removal breaks compilation in the
-  #   authority/provisioner package; xcaddy build fails with upgrade attempted.
-  # - Dockerfile caddy-builder stage pins nebula@v1.9.7 (Renovate tracked) with
-  #   an inline comment explaining the constraint (Dockerfile line 247).
-  # - Fix path: once smallstep/certificates releases a version requiring
-  #   nebula v1.10+, remove the pin and this suppression simultaneously.
-  #
-  # Risk Assessment: ACCEPTED (Low exploitability in Charon context)
-  # - Charon uses standard ACME/Let's Encrypt TLS; Nebula VPN PKI is not
-  #   enabled by default and rarely configured in Charon deployments.
-  # - Exploiting this requires a valid certificate sharing the same issuer as
-  #   a revoked one — an uncommon and targeted attack scenario.
+  # Risk Assessment: ACCEPTED (No upstream fix; limited exposure in Charon context)
+  # - Charon terminates TLS at the Caddy layer — the Go backend does not act as a raw TLS 1.3 server.
+  # - The vulnerability requires the affected application to directly configure TLS 1.3 server
+  #   group negotiation via OpenSSL, which Charon does not do.
   # - Container-level isolation reduces the attack surface further.
   #
   # Mitigation (active while suppression is in effect):
-  # - Monitor smallstep/certificates releases at https://github.com/smallstep/certificates/releases
-  # - Weekly CI security rebuild flags any new CVEs in the full image.
-  # - Renovate annotation in Dockerfile (datasource=go depName=github.com/slackhq/nebula)
-  #   will surface the pin for review when xcaddy build becomes compatible.
+  # - Monitor Alpine security advisories: https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2026-2673
+  # - Weekly CI security rebuild (security-weekly-rebuild.yml) flags any new CVEs in the full image.
   #
   # Review:
-  # - Reviewed 2026-02-19: smallstep/certificates latest stable remains v0.27.5;
-  #   no release requiring nebula v1.10+ has shipped. Suppression extended 14 days.
-  # - Next review: 2026-03-05. Remove suppression immediately once upstream fixes.
+  # - Reviewed 2026-03-18 (initial suppression): no upstream fix available. Set 30-day review.
+  # - Extended 2026-04-04: Alpine 3.23 still ships 3.5.5-r0. No upstream fix available.
+  # - Next review: 2026-05-18. Remove suppression immediately once upstream fixes.
   #
   # Removal Criteria:
-  # - smallstep/certificates releases a stable version requiring nebula v1.10+
-  # - Update Dockerfile caddy-builder patch to use the new versions
-  # - Rebuild image, run security scan, confirm suppression no longer needed
-  # - Remove both this entry and the corresponding .trivyignore entry
+  # - Alpine publishes a patched version of libcrypto3 and libssl3
+  # - Rebuild Docker image and verify CVE-2026-2673 no longer appears in grype-results.json
+  # - Remove both these entries and the corresponding .trivyignore entry simultaneously
   #
   # References:
-  # - GHSA: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-69x3-g4r3-p962
+  # - CVE-2026-2673: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2673
+  # - Alpine security tracker: https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2026-2673
+  - vulnerability: CVE-2026-2673
+    package:
+      name: libcrypto3
+      version: "3.5.5-r0"
+      type: apk
+    reason: |
+      HIGH — OpenSSL TLS 1.3 server key exchange group downgrade in libcrypto3 3.5.5-r0 (Alpine base image).
+      No upstream fix: Alpine 3.23 still ships libcrypto3 3.5.5-r0 as of 2026-03-18. Charon
+      terminates TLS at the Caddy layer; the Go backend does not act as a raw TLS 1.3 server.
+      Risk accepted pending Alpine upstream patch.
+    expiry: "2026-05-18"  # Extended 2026-04-04: Alpine 3.23 still ships 3.5.5-r0. Next review 2026-05-18.
+
+    # Action items when this suppression expires:
+    # 1. Check Alpine security tracker: https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2026-2673
+    # 2. If a patched Alpine package is now available:
+    #    a. Rebuild Docker image without suppression
+    #    b. Run local security-scan-docker-image and confirm CVE is resolved
+    #    c. Remove this suppression entry, the libssl3 entry below, and the .trivyignore entry
+    # 3. If no fix yet: Extend expiry by 14–30 days and update the review comment above
+    # 4. If extended 3+ times: Open an issue to track the upstream status formally
+
+  # CVE-2026-2673 (libssl3) — see full justification in the libcrypto3 entry above
+  - vulnerability: CVE-2026-2673
+    package:
+      name: libssl3
+      version: "3.5.5-r0"
+      type: apk
+    reason: |
+      HIGH — OpenSSL TLS 1.3 server key exchange group downgrade in libssl3 3.5.5-r0 (Alpine base image).
+      No upstream fix: Alpine 3.23 still ships libssl3 3.5.5-r0 as of 2026-03-18. Charon
+      terminates TLS at the Caddy layer; the Go backend does not act as a raw TLS 1.3 server.
+      Risk accepted pending Alpine upstream patch.
+    expiry: "2026-05-18"  # Extended 2026-04-04: see libcrypto3 entry above for action items.
+
+  # CVE-2026-31790: OpenSSL vulnerability in Alpine base image packages
+  # Severity: HIGH
+  # Packages: libcrypto3 3.5.5-r0 and libssl3 3.5.5-r0 (Alpine apk)
+  # Status: No upstream fix available — Alpine 3.23 still ships libcrypto3/libssl3 3.5.5-r0 as of 2026-04-09
+  #
+  # Root Cause (No Fix Available):
+  # - Alpine upstream has not published a patched libcrypto3/libssl3 for Alpine 3.23.
+  # - Checked: Alpine 3.23 still ships libcrypto3/libssl3 3.5.5-r0 as of 2026-04-09.
+  # - Fix path: once Alpine publishes a patched libcrypto3/libssl3, rebuild the Docker image
+  #   and remove this suppression.
+  #
+  # Risk Assessment: ACCEPTED (No upstream fix; documented in SECURITY.md)
+  # - Charon terminates TLS at the Caddy layer — the Go backend does not act as a raw TLS server.
+  # - Container-level isolation reduces the attack surface further.
+  #
+  # Mitigation (active while suppression is in effect):
+  # - Monitor Alpine security advisories: https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2026-31790
+  # - Weekly CI security rebuild (security-weekly-rebuild.yml) flags any new CVEs in the full image.
+  #
+  # Review:
+  # - Reviewed 2026-04-09 (initial suppression): no upstream fix available. Set 30-day review.
+  # - Next review: 2026-05-09. Remove suppression immediately once upstream fixes.
+  #
+  # Removal Criteria:
+  # - Alpine publishes a patched version of libcrypto3 and libssl3
+  # - Rebuild Docker image and verify CVE-2026-31790 no longer appears in grype-results.json
+  # - Remove both these entries and the corresponding .trivyignore entry simultaneously
+  #
+  # References:
+  # - CVE-2026-31790: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31790
+  # - Alpine security tracker: https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2026-31790
+  - vulnerability: CVE-2026-31790
+    package:
+      name: libcrypto3
+      version: "3.5.5-r0"
+      type: apk
+    reason: |
+      HIGH — OpenSSL vulnerability in libcrypto3 3.5.5-r0 (Alpine base image).
+      No upstream fix: Alpine 3.23 still ships libcrypto3 3.5.5-r0 as of 2026-04-09. Charon
+      terminates TLS at the Caddy layer; the Go backend does not act as a raw TLS server.
+      Risk accepted pending Alpine upstream patch. Documented in SECURITY.md.
+    expiry: "2026-05-09"  # Reviewed 2026-04-09: no upstream fix available. Next review 2026-05-09.
+
+    # Action items when this suppression expires:
+    # 1. Check Alpine security tracker: https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2026-31790
+    # 2. If a patched Alpine package is now available:
+    #    a. Rebuild Docker image without suppression
+    #    b. Run local security-scan-docker-image and confirm CVE is resolved
+    #    c. Remove this suppression entry, the libssl3 entry below, and the .trivyignore entry
+    # 3. If no fix yet: Extend expiry by 14–30 days and update the review comment above
+    # 4. If extended 3+ times: Open an issue to track the upstream status formally
+
+  # CVE-2026-31790 (libssl3) — see full justification in the libcrypto3 entry above
+  - vulnerability: CVE-2026-31790
+    package:
+      name: libssl3
+      version: "3.5.5-r0"
+      type: apk
+    reason: |
+      HIGH — OpenSSL vulnerability in libssl3 3.5.5-r0 (Alpine base image).
+      No upstream fix: Alpine 3.23 still ships libssl3 3.5.5-r0 as of 2026-04-09. Charon
+      terminates TLS at the Caddy layer; the Go backend does not act as a raw TLS server.
+      Risk accepted pending Alpine upstream patch. Documented in SECURITY.md.
+    expiry: "2026-05-09"  # Reviewed 2026-04-09: see libcrypto3 entry above for action items.
+
+  # GHSA-69x3-g4r3-p962 / CVE-2026-25793: Nebula ECDSA Signature Malleability
+  # Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8.1)
+  # Package: github.com/slackhq/nebula v1.9.7 (embedded in /usr/bin/caddy via smallstep/certificates)
+  # Status: Fix exists in nebula v1.10.3 — smallstep/certificates cannot compile against v1.10+ APIs
+  #
+  # Vulnerability Details:
+  # - ECDSA signature malleability in nebula allows potential authentication bypass via
+  #   crafted certificate signatures (CWE-347).
+  # - CVSSv3: AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N (CVSS 8.1)
+  #
+  # Root Cause (Third-Party Binary + Upstream API Incompatibility):
+  # - Charon does not use nebula directly. The library is compiled into the Caddy binary
+  #   via the caddy-security plugin → smallstep/certificates dependency chain.
+  # - Nebula v1.10.3 patches the vulnerability but removes legacy APIs that
+  #   smallstep/certificates (through v0.30.2) depends on, causing compile failures.
+  # - Fix path: once smallstep/certificates releases a version compatible with nebula >= v1.10.3,
+  #   update the Dockerfile and remove this suppression.
+  #
+  # Risk Assessment: ACCEPTED (No direct use + upstream API incompatibility blocks fix)
+  # - Charon does not use Nebula VPN PKI by default. The vulnerable code path is only
+  #   reachable if Nebula-based certificate provisioning is explicitly configured.
+  # - The attack requires network access and a crafted certificate, which is not part of
+  #   standard Charon deployment.
+  #
+  # Mitigation (active while suppression is in effect):
+  # - Monitor smallstep/certificates releases: https://github.com/smallstep/certificates/releases
+  # - Monitor nebula releases: https://github.com/slackhq/nebula/releases
+  # - Weekly CI security rebuild flags the moment a compatible upstream ships.
+  #
+  # Review:
+  # - Reviewed 2026-02-19 (initial suppression in .trivyignore): certificates v0.27.5 pins nebula v1.9.x.
+  # - Re-evaluated 2026-04-10: nebula v1.10.3 has the fix but certificates (through v0.30.2)
+  #   uses legacy APIs removed in v1.10+. Still blocked. Set 30-day review.
+  # - Next review: 2026-05-10. Remove suppression once certificates ships with nebula >= v1.10.3.
+  #
+  # Removal Criteria:
+  # - smallstep/certificates releases a version compatible with nebula >= v1.10.3
+  # - Update Dockerfile nebula pin, rebuild, run security-scan-docker-image, confirm resolved
+  # - Remove this entry and the corresponding .trivyignore entry simultaneously
+  #
+  # References:
+  # - GHSA-69x3-g4r3-p962: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-69x3-g4r3-p962
   # - CVE-2026-25793: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25793
-  # - smallstep/certificates: https://github.com/smallstep/certificates/releases
-  # - Dockerfile pin: caddy-builder stage, line ~247 (go get nebula@v1.9.7)
-  - vulnerability: GHSA-69x3-g4r3-p962
+  # - Nebula releases: https://github.com/slackhq/nebula/releases
+  # - smallstep/certificates releases: https://github.com/smallstep/certificates/releases
+  - vulnerability: CVE-2026-25793
     package:
       name: github.com/slackhq/nebula
       version: "v1.9.7"
       type: go-module
     reason: |
       HIGH — ECDSA signature malleability in nebula v1.9.7 embedded in /usr/bin/caddy.
-      Cannot upgrade: smallstep/certificates v0.27.5 (latest stable as of 2026-02-19)
-      still requires nebula v1.9.x (verified across v0.27.5–v0.30.0-rc2). Charon does
-      not use Nebula VPN PKI by default. Risk accepted pending upstream smallstep fix.
-      Reviewed 2026-02-19: no new smallstep release changes this assessment.
-    expiry: "2026-03-05"  # Re-evaluate in 14 days (2026-02-19 + 14 days)
+      Fix exists in nebula v1.10.3 but smallstep/certificates (through v0.30.2) uses legacy APIs
+      removed in v1.10+, causing compile failures. Charon does not use Nebula VPN PKI by default.
+      Risk accepted; no remediation until smallstep/certificates ships with nebula >= v1.10.3.
+      Re-evaluated 2026-04-10: still blocked by upstream API incompatibility.
+    expiry: "2026-05-10"  # Re-evaluated 2026-04-10: certificates through v0.30.2 incompatible with nebula v1.10+.
+
+  # GHSA-6g7g-w4f8-9c9x: buger/jsonparser Delete panic on malformed JSON (DoS)
+  # Severity: HIGH (CVSS 7.5)
+  # Package: github.com/buger/jsonparser v1.1.1 (embedded in /usr/local/bin/crowdsec and /usr/local/bin/cscli)
+  # Status: UPSTREAM FIX EXISTS (v1.1.2 released 2026-03-20) — awaiting CrowdSec to update dependency
+  # NOTE: As of 2026-04-20, grype v0.111.0 with fresh DB no longer flags this finding in the image.
+  #       This suppression is retained as a safety net in case future DB updates re-surface it.
+  #
+  # Vulnerability Details:
+  # - The Delete function fails to validate offsets on malformed JSON input, producing a
+  #   negative slice index and a runtime panic — denial of service (CWE-125).
+  # - CVSSv3: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
+  #
+  # Root Cause (Third-Party Binary — Fix Exists Upstream, Not Yet in CrowdSec):
+  # - Charon does not use buger/jsonparser directly. It is compiled into CrowdSec binaries.
+  # - buger/jsonparser released v1.1.2 on 2026-03-20 fixing issue #275.
+  # - CrowdSec has not yet released a version built with buger/jsonparser v1.1.2.
+  # - Fix path: once CrowdSec updates their dependency and rebuilds, rebuild the Docker image
+  #   and remove this suppression.
+  #
+  # Risk Assessment: ACCEPTED (Limited exploitability; fix exists upstream but not yet in CrowdSec)
+  # - The DoS vector requires passing malformed JSON to the vulnerable Delete function within
+  #   CrowdSec's internal processing pipeline; this is not a direct attack surface in Charon.
+  # - CrowdSec's exposed surface is its HTTP API (not raw JSON stream parsing via this path).
+  #
+  # Mitigation (active while suppression is in effect):
+  # - Monitor CrowdSec releases for a build using buger/jsonparser >= v1.1.2.
+  # - CrowdSec releases: https://github.com/crowdsecurity/crowdsec/releases
+  # - Weekly CI security rebuild flags the moment a fixed image ships.
+  #
+  # Review:
+  # - Reviewed 2026-03-19 (initial suppression): no upstream fix. Set 30-day review.
+  # - Extended 2026-04-04: no upstream fix. buger/jsonparser issue #275 still open.
+  # - Updated 2026-04-20: buger/jsonparser v1.1.2 released 2026-03-20. CrowdSec not yet updated.
+  #   Grype v0.111.0 with fresh DB (2026-04-20) no longer flags this finding. Suppression retained
+  #   as a safety net. Next review: 2026-05-19 — remove if CrowdSec ships with v1.1.2+.
+  #
+  # Removal Criteria:
+  # - CrowdSec releases a version built with buger/jsonparser >= v1.1.2
+  # - Rebuild Docker image, run security-scan-docker-image, confirm finding is resolved
+  # - Remove this entry and the corresponding .trivyignore entry simultaneously
+  #
+  # References:
+  # - GHSA-6g7g-w4f8-9c9x: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6g7g-w4f8-9c9x
+  # - Upstream fix: https://github.com/buger/jsonparser/releases/tag/v1.1.2
+  # - golang/vulndb: https://github.com/golang/vulndb/issues/4514
+  # - CrowdSec releases: https://github.com/crowdsecurity/crowdsec/releases
+  - vulnerability: GHSA-6g7g-w4f8-9c9x
+    package:
+      name: github.com/buger/jsonparser
+      version: "v1.1.1"
+      type: go-module
+    reason: |
+      HIGH — DoS panic via malformed JSON in buger/jsonparser v1.1.1 embedded in CrowdSec binaries.
+      Upstream fix: buger/jsonparser v1.1.2 released 2026-03-20; CrowdSec has not yet updated their
+      dependency. Grype no longer flags this as of 2026-04-20 (fresh DB). Suppression retained as
+      safety net pending CrowdSec update. Charon does not use this package directly.
+      Updated 2026-04-20: fix v1.1.2 exists upstream; awaiting CrowdSec dependency update.
+    expiry: "2026-05-19"  # Review 2026-05-19: remove if CrowdSec ships with buger/jsonparser >= v1.1.2.
 
     # Action items when this suppression expires:
-    # 1. Check smallstep/certificates releases: https://github.com/smallstep/certificates/releases
-    # 2. If a stable version requires nebula v1.10+:
-    #    a. Update Dockerfile caddy-builder: remove the `go get nebula@v1.9.7` pin
-    #    b. Optionally bump smallstep/certificates to the new version
-    #    c. Rebuild Docker image and verify no compile failures
-    #    d. Re-run local security-scan-docker-image and confirm clean result
-    #    e. Remove this suppression entry
-    # 3. If no fix yet: Extend expiry by 14 days and document justification
-    # 4. If extended 3+ times: Open upstream issue on smallstep/certificates
+    # 1. Check if CrowdSec has released a version with buger/jsonparser >= v1.1.2:
+    #    https://github.com/crowdsecurity/crowdsec/releases
+    # 2. If CrowdSec has updated: rebuild Docker image, run security-scan-docker-image,
+    #    and remove this suppression entry and the corresponding .trivyignore entry
+    # 3. If grype still does not flag it with fresh DB: consider removing the suppression as
+    #    it may no longer be necessary
+    # 4. If no CrowdSec update yet: Extend expiry by 30 days
+
+  # GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23: pgproto3/v2 DataRow.Decode panic on negative field length (DoS)
+  # Severity: HIGH (CVSS 7.5)
+  # Package: github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2 v2.3.3 (embedded in /usr/local/bin/crowdsec and /usr/local/bin/cscli)
+  # Status: NO fix in pgproto3/v2 (archived/EOL) — fix path requires CrowdSec to migrate to pgx/v5
+  #
+  # Vulnerability Details:
+  # - DataRow.Decode does not validate field lengths; a malicious or compromised PostgreSQL server
+  #   can send a negative field length causing a slice-bounds panic — denial of service (CWE-129).
+  # - CVSSv3: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
+  #
+  # Root Cause (EOL Module + Third-Party Binary):
+  # - Charon does not use pgproto3/v2 directly nor communicate with PostgreSQL. The package
+  #   is compiled into CrowdSec binaries for their internal database communication.
+  # - The pgproto3/v2 module is archived and EOL; no fix will be released. The fix path
+  #   is migration to pgx/v5, which embeds an updated pgproto3/v3.
+  # - Fix path: once CrowdSec migrates to pgx/v5 and releases an updated binary, rebuild
+  #   the Docker image and remove this suppression.
+  #
+  # Risk Assessment: ACCEPTED (Non-exploitable in Charon context + no upstream fix path)
+  # - The vulnerability requires a malicious PostgreSQL server response. Charon uses SQLite
+  #   internally and does not run PostgreSQL. CrowdSec's database path is not exposed to
+  #   external traffic in a standard Charon deployment.
+  # - The attack requires a compromised database server, which would imply full host compromise.
+  #
+  # Mitigation (active while suppression is in effect):
+  # - Monitor CrowdSec releases for pgx/v5 migration:
+  #   https://github.com/crowdsecurity/crowdsec/releases
+  # - Weekly CI security rebuild flags the moment a fixed image ships.
+  #
+  # Review:
+  # - Reviewed 2026-03-19 (initial suppression): pgproto3/v2 is EOL; no fix exists or will exist.
+  #   Waiting on CrowdSec to migrate to pgx/v5. Set 30-day review.
+  # - Extended 2026-04-04: CrowdSec has not migrated to pgx/v5 yet.
+  # - Next review: 2026-05-19. Remove suppression once CrowdSec ships with pgx/v5.
+  #
+  # Removal Criteria:
+  # - CrowdSec releases a version with pgx/v5 (pgproto3/v3) replacing pgproto3/v2
+  # - Rebuild Docker image, run security-scan-docker-image, confirm finding is resolved
+  # - Remove this entry and the corresponding .trivyignore entry simultaneously
+  #
+  # References:
+  # - GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23
+  # - pgproto3/v2 archive notice: https://github.com/jackc/pgproto3
+  # - pgx/v5 (replacement): https://github.com/jackc/pgx
+  # - CrowdSec releases: https://github.com/crowdsecurity/crowdsec/releases
+  - vulnerability: GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23
+    package:
+      name: github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2
+      version: "v2.3.3"
+      type: go-module
+    reason: |
+      HIGH — DoS panic via negative field length in pgproto3/v2 v2.3.3 embedded in CrowdSec binaries.
+      pgproto3/v2 is archived/EOL with no fix planned; fix path requires CrowdSec to migrate to pgx/v5.
+      Charon uses SQLite, not PostgreSQL; this code path is not reachable in a standard deployment.
+      Risk accepted; no remediation until CrowdSec ships with pgx/v5.
+      Reviewed 2026-03-19: pgproto3/v2 EOL confirmed; CrowdSec has not migrated to pgx/v5 yet.
+    expiry: "2026-05-19"  # Extended 2026-04-04: no fix path until CrowdSec migrates to pgx/v5.
+
+    # Action items when this suppression expires:
+    # 1. Check CrowdSec releases for pgx/v5 migration:
+    #    https://github.com/crowdsecurity/crowdsec/releases
+    # 2. Verify with: `go version -m /path/to/crowdsec | grep pgproto3`
+    #    Expected: pgproto3/v3 (or no pgproto3 reference if fully replaced)
+    # 3. If CrowdSec has migrated:
+    #    a. Rebuild Docker image and run local security-scan-docker-image
+    #    b. Remove this suppression entry and the corresponding .trivyignore entry
+    # 4. If not yet migrated: Extend expiry by 30 days and update the review comment above
+    # 5. If extended 3+ times: Open an upstream issue on crowdsecurity/crowdsec requesting pgx/v5 migration
+
+  # GHSA-x6gf-mpr2-68h6 / CVE-2026-4427: pgproto3/v2 DataRow.Decode panic on negative field length (DoS)
+  # Severity: HIGH (CVSS 7.5)
+  # Package: github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2 v2.3.3 (embedded in /usr/local/bin/crowdsec and /usr/local/bin/cscli)
+  # Status: NO fix in pgproto3/v2 (archived/EOL) — fix path requires CrowdSec to migrate to pgx/v5
+  # Note: This is the NVD/Red Hat advisory alias for the same underlying vulnerability as GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23
+  #
+  # Vulnerability Details:
+  # - DataRow.Decode does not validate field lengths; a malicious or compromised PostgreSQL server
+  #   can send a negative field length causing a slice-bounds panic — denial of service (CWE-129).
+  # - CVSSv3: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H (CVSS 7.5)
+  #
+  # Root Cause (EOL Module + Third-Party Binary):
+  # - Same underlying vulnerability as GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23; tracked separately by NVD/Red Hat as CVE-2026-4427.
+  # - Charon does not use pgproto3/v2 directly nor communicate with PostgreSQL. The package
+  #   is compiled into CrowdSec binaries for their internal database communication.
+  # - The pgproto3/v2 module is archived and EOL; no fix will be released. The fix path
+  #   is migration to pgx/v5, which embeds an updated pgproto3/v3.
+  # - Fix path: once CrowdSec migrates to pgx/v5 and releases an updated binary, rebuild
+  #   the Docker image and remove this suppression.
+  #
+  # Risk Assessment: ACCEPTED (Non-exploitable in Charon context + no upstream fix path)
+  # - The vulnerability requires a malicious PostgreSQL server response. Charon uses SQLite
+  #   internally and does not run PostgreSQL. CrowdSec's database path is not exposed to
+  #   external traffic in a standard Charon deployment.
+  # - The attack requires a compromised database server, which would imply full host compromise.
+  #
+  # Mitigation (active while suppression is in effect):
+  # - Monitor CrowdSec releases for pgx/v5 migration:
+  #   https://github.com/crowdsecurity/crowdsec/releases
+  # - Weekly CI security rebuild flags the moment a fixed image ships.
+  #
+  # Review:
+  # - Reviewed 2026-03-21 (initial suppression): pgproto3/v2 is EOL; no fix exists or will exist.
+  #   Waiting on CrowdSec to migrate to pgx/v5. Set 30-day review. Sibling GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23
+  #   was already suppressed; this alias surfaced as a separate Grype match via NVD/Red Hat tracking.
+  # - Extended 2026-04-04: CrowdSec has not migrated to pgx/v5 yet.
+  # - Next review: 2026-05-21. Remove suppression once CrowdSec ships with pgx/v5.
+  #
+  # Removal Criteria:
+  # - Same as GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23: CrowdSec releases a version with pgx/v5 replacing pgproto3/v2
+  # - Rebuild Docker image, run security-scan-docker-image, confirm both advisories are resolved
+  # - Remove this entry, GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23 entry, and both .trivyignore entries simultaneously
+  #
+  # References:
+  # - GHSA-x6gf-mpr2-68h6: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-x6gf-mpr2-68h6
+  # - CVE-2026-4427: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4427
+  # - Red Hat: https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-4427
+  # - pgproto3/v2 archive notice: https://github.com/jackc/pgproto3
+  # - pgx/v5 (replacement): https://github.com/jackc/pgx
+  # - CrowdSec releases: https://github.com/crowdsecurity/crowdsec/releases
+  - vulnerability: GHSA-x6gf-mpr2-68h6
+    package:
+      name: github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2
+      version: "v2.3.3"
+      type: go-module
+    reason: |
+      HIGH — DoS panic via negative field length in pgproto3/v2 v2.3.3 embedded in CrowdSec binaries.
+      NVD/Red Hat alias (CVE-2026-4427) for the same underlying bug as GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23.
+      pgproto3/v2 is archived/EOL with no fix planned; fix path requires CrowdSec to migrate to pgx/v5.
+      Charon uses SQLite, not PostgreSQL; this code path is not reachable in a standard deployment.
+      Risk accepted; no remediation until CrowdSec ships with pgx/v5.
+      Reviewed 2026-03-21: pgproto3/v2 EOL confirmed; CrowdSec has not migrated to pgx/v5 yet.
+    expiry: "2026-05-21"  # Extended 2026-04-04: no fix path until CrowdSec migrates to pgx/v5.
+
+    # Action items when this suppression expires:
+    # 1. Check CrowdSec releases for pgx/v5 migration:
+    #    https://github.com/crowdsecurity/crowdsec/releases
+    # 2. Verify with: `go version -m /path/to/crowdsec | grep pgproto3`
+    #    Expected: pgproto3/v3 (or no pgproto3 reference if fully replaced)
+    # 3. If CrowdSec has migrated:
+    #    a. Rebuild Docker image and run local security-scan-docker-image
+    #    b. Remove this entry, GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23 entry, and both .trivyignore entries
+    # 4. If not yet migrated: Extend expiry by 30 days and update the review comment above
+    # 5. If extended 3+ times: Open an upstream issue on crowdsecurity/crowdsec requesting pgx/v5 migration
+
+  # CVE-2026-32286: pgproto3/v2 buffer overflow in DataRow handling (DoS)
+  # Severity: HIGH (CVSS 7.5)
+  # Package: github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2 v2.3.3 (embedded in /usr/local/bin/crowdsec and /usr/local/bin/cscli)
+  # Status: NO fix in pgproto3/v2 (archived/EOL) — fix path requires CrowdSec to migrate to pgx/v5
+  #
+  # Vulnerability Details:
+  # - Buffer overflow in pgproto3/v2 DataRow handling allows a malicious or compromised PostgreSQL
+  #   server to trigger a denial of service via crafted protocol messages (CWE-120).
+  # - CVSSv3: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H (CVSS 7.5)
+  #
+  # Root Cause (EOL Module + Third-Party Binary):
+  # - Same affected module as GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23 and GHSA-x6gf-mpr2-68h6 — pgproto3/v2 v2.3.3
+  #   is the final release (repository archived Jul 12, 2025). No fix will be released.
+  # - Charon does not use pgproto3/v2 directly nor communicate with PostgreSQL. The package
+  #   is compiled into CrowdSec binaries for their internal database communication.
+  # - Fix exists only in pgproto3/v3 (used by pgx/v5). CrowdSec v1.7.7 (latest) still depends
+  #   on pgx/v4 → pgproto3/v2. Dockerfile already applies best-effort mitigation (pgx/v4@v4.18.3).
+  # - Fix path: once CrowdSec migrates to pgx/v5, rebuild the Docker image and remove this suppression.
+  #
+  # Risk Assessment: ACCEPTED (Non-exploitable in Charon context + no upstream fix path)
+  # - The vulnerability requires a malicious PostgreSQL server response. Charon uses SQLite
+  #   internally and does not run PostgreSQL. CrowdSec's database path is not exposed to
+  #   external traffic in a standard Charon deployment.
+  # - CrowdSec's PostgreSQL code path is not directly exposed to untrusted network input in
+  #   Charon's deployment.
+  #
+  # Mitigation (active while suppression is in effect):
+  # - Monitor CrowdSec releases for pgx/v5 migration:
+  #   https://github.com/crowdsecurity/crowdsec/releases
+  # - Weekly CI security rebuild flags the moment a fixed image ships.
+  #
+  # Review:
+  # - Reviewed 2026-04-10 (initial suppression): pgproto3/v2 is EOL; no fix exists or will exist.
+  #   Waiting on CrowdSec to migrate to pgx/v5. Set 90-day review.
+  # - Next review: 2026-07-09. Remove suppression once CrowdSec ships with pgx/v5.
+  #
+  # Removal Criteria:
+  # - Same as GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23: CrowdSec releases a version with pgx/v5 replacing pgproto3/v2
+  # - Rebuild Docker image, run security-scan-docker-image, confirm all pgproto3/v2 advisories are resolved
+  # - Remove this entry, GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23 entry, GHSA-x6gf-mpr2-68h6 entry, and all .trivyignore entries simultaneously
+  #
+  # References:
+  # - CVE-2026-32286: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32286
+  # - pgproto3/v2 archive notice: https://github.com/jackc/pgproto3
+  # - pgx/v5 (replacement): https://github.com/jackc/pgx
+  # - CrowdSec releases: https://github.com/crowdsecurity/crowdsec/releases
+  - vulnerability: CVE-2026-32286
+    package:
+      name: github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2
+      version: "v2.3.3"
+      type: go-module
+    reason: |
+      HIGH — Buffer overflow in pgproto3/v2 v2.3.3 DataRow handling, embedded in CrowdSec binaries.
+      pgproto3/v2 v2.3.3 is the final release (archived Jul 2025); no fix will be released.
+      Fix exists only in pgproto3/v3 (pgx/v5). CrowdSec v1.7.7 still depends on pgx/v4 → pgproto3/v2.
+      Charon uses SQLite, not PostgreSQL; this code path is not reachable in a standard deployment.
+      Risk accepted; no remediation until CrowdSec ships with pgx/v5.
+      Reviewed 2026-04-10: pgproto3/v2 EOL confirmed; CrowdSec has not migrated to pgx/v5 yet.
+    expiry: "2026-07-09"  # Reviewed 2026-04-10: no fix path until CrowdSec migrates to pgx/v5. 90-day expiry.
+
+    # Action items when this suppression expires:
+    # 1. Check CrowdSec releases for pgx/v5 migration:
+    #    https://github.com/crowdsecurity/crowdsec/releases
+    # 2. Verify with: `go version -m /path/to/crowdsec | grep pgproto3`
+    #    Expected: pgproto3/v3 (or no pgproto3 reference if fully replaced)
+    # 3. If CrowdSec has migrated:
+    #    a. Rebuild Docker image and run local security-scan-docker-image
+    #    b. Remove this entry, GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23 entry, GHSA-x6gf-mpr2-68h6 entry, and all .trivyignore entries
+    # 4. If not yet migrated: Extend expiry by 30 days and update the review comment above
+    # 5. If extended 3+ times: Open an upstream issue on crowdsecurity/crowdsec requesting pgx/v5 migration
+
+  # GHSA-pxq6-2prw-chj9 / CVE-2026-33997: Moby off-by-one error in plugin privilege validation
+  # Severity: MEDIUM (CVSS 6.8)
+  # Package: github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible (go-module)
+  # Status: Fixed in moby/moby v29.3.1 — NO fix available for docker/docker import path
+  #
+  # Vulnerability Details:
+  # - Off-by-one error in Moby's plugin privilege validation allows potential privilege escalation
+  #   via crafted plugin configurations.
+  #
+  # Root Cause (No Fix Available for Import Path):
+  # - Same import path issue as CVE-2026-34040. The fix exists in moby/moby v29.3.1 but not
+  #   for the docker/docker import path that Charon uses.
+  # - Fix path: same dependency migration pattern as CVE-2026-34040 (if needed) or upstream fix.
+  #
+  # Risk Assessment: ACCEPTED (Not exploitable in Charon context)
+  # - Charon uses the Docker client SDK only (list containers). The vulnerability is in Docker's
+  #   plugin privilege validation, which is server-side functionality.
+  # - Charon does not run a Docker daemon, install Docker plugins, or interact with plugin privileges.
+  #
+  # Mitigation (active while suppression is in effect):
+  # - Monitor docker/docker releases: https://github.com/moby/moby/releases
+  # - Weekly CI security rebuild flags the moment a fixed version ships.
+  #
+  # Review:
+  # - Reviewed 2026-03-30 (initial suppression): no fix for docker/docker import path. Set 30-day review.
+  # - Next review: 2026-04-30. Remove suppression once a fix is available for the docker/docker import path.
+  #
+  # Removal Criteria:
+  # - docker/docker publishes a patched version OR moby/moby/v2 stabilizes
+  # - Update dependency, rebuild, run security-scan-docker-image, confirm finding is resolved
+  # - Remove this entry and all corresponding .trivyignore entries simultaneously
+  #
+  # References:
+  # - GHSA-pxq6-2prw-chj9: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-pxq6-2prw-chj9
+  # - CVE-2026-33997: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33997
+  # - moby/moby releases: https://github.com/moby/moby/releases
+  - vulnerability: GHSA-pxq6-2prw-chj9
+    package:
+      name: github.com/docker/docker
+      version: "v28.5.2+incompatible"
+      type: go-module
+    reason: |
+      MEDIUM — Off-by-one error in Moby plugin privilege validation in docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible.
+      Fixed in moby/moby v29.3.1 but no fix for docker/docker import path.
+      Charon uses Docker client SDK only (list containers); the vulnerability is in Docker's server-side
+      plugin privilege validation. Charon does not run a Docker daemon or install Docker plugins.
+      Risk accepted; no remediation path until docker/docker publishes a fix or moby/moby/v2 stabilizes.
+      Reviewed 2026-03-30: no patched release available for docker/docker import path.
+    expiry: "2026-04-30"  # 30-day review: no fix for docker/docker import path. Extend in 30-day increments with documented justification.
+
+    # Action items when this suppression expires:
+    # 1. Check docker/docker and moby/moby releases: https://github.com/moby/moby/releases
+    # 2. Check if moby/moby/v2 has stabilized: https://github.com/moby/moby
+    # 3. If a fix has shipped for docker/docker import path OR moby/moby/v2 is stable:
+    #    a. Update the dependency and rebuild Docker image
+    #    b. Run local security-scan-docker-image and confirm finding is resolved
+    #    c. Remove this entry and all corresponding .trivyignore entries
+    # 4. If no fix yet: Extend expiry by 30 days and update the review comment above
+    # 5. If extended 3+ times: Open an issue to track moby/moby/v2 migration feasibility
+
+  # GHSA-78h2-9frx-2jm8: go-jose JWE decryption panic (DoS)
+  # Severity: HIGH
+  # Packages: github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.4 and github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.3
+  #           (embedded in /usr/bin/caddy)
+  # Status: Fix available in go-jose/v3 v3.0.5 and go-jose/v4 v4.1.4 — requires upstream Caddy rebuild
+  #
+  # Vulnerability Details:
+  # - JWE decryption can trigger a panic due to improper input validation, causing
+  #   a denial-of-service condition (runtime crash).
+  #
+  # Root Cause (Third-Party Binary):
+  # - Charon does not use go-jose directly. The library is compiled into the Caddy binary
+  #   shipped in the Docker image.
+  # - Fixes are available upstream (v3.0.5 and v4.1.4) but require a Caddy rebuild to pick up.
+  # - Fix path: once the upstream Caddy release includes the patched go-jose versions,
+  #   rebuild the Docker image and remove these suppressions.
+  #
+  # Risk Assessment: ACCEPTED (No direct use + fix requires upstream rebuild)
+  # - Charon does not import or call go-jose functions; the library is only present as a
+  #   transitive dependency inside the Caddy binary.
+  # - The attack vector requires crafted JWE input reaching Caddy's internal JWT handling,
+  #   which is limited to authenticated admin-API paths not exposed in Charon deployments.
+  #
+  # Mitigation (active while suppression is in effect):
+  # - Monitor Caddy releases: https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases
+  # - Weekly CI security rebuild flags the moment a fixed image ships.
+  #
+  # Review:
+  # - Reviewed 2026-04-05 (initial suppression): fix available upstream but not yet in Caddy release.
+  #   Set 30-day review.
+  # - Next review: 2026-05-05. Remove suppression once Caddy ships with patched go-jose.
+  #
+  # Removal Criteria:
+  # - Caddy releases a version built with go-jose/v3 >= v3.0.5 and go-jose/v4 >= v4.1.4
+  # - Rebuild Docker image, run security-scan-docker-image, confirm finding is resolved
+  # - Remove both entries (v3 and v4) and any corresponding .trivyignore entries simultaneously
+  #
+  # References:
+  # - GHSA-78h2-9frx-2jm8: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-78h2-9frx-2jm8
+  # - go-jose releases: https://github.com/go-jose/go-jose/releases
+  # - Caddy releases: https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases
+  - vulnerability: GHSA-78h2-9frx-2jm8
+    package:
+      name: github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3
+      version: "v3.0.4"
+      type: go-module
+    reason: |
+      HIGH — JWE decryption panic in go-jose v3.0.4 embedded in /usr/bin/caddy.
+      Fix available in v3.0.5 but requires upstream Caddy rebuild. Charon does not use go-jose
+      directly. Deferring to next Caddy release.
+    expiry: "2026-05-05"  # 30-day review: remove once Caddy ships with go-jose/v3 >= v3.0.5.
+
+    # Action items when this suppression expires:
+    # 1. Check Caddy releases: https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases
+    # 2. Verify with: `go version -m /usr/bin/caddy | grep go-jose`
+    #    Expected: go-jose/v3 >= v3.0.5
+    # 3. If Caddy has updated:
+    #    a. Rebuild Docker image and run local security-scan-docker-image
+    #    b. Remove this entry, the v4 entry below, and any corresponding .trivyignore entries
+    # 4. If not yet updated: Extend expiry by 30 days and update the review comment above
+    # 5. If extended 3+ times: Open an upstream issue on caddyserver/caddy requesting go-jose update
+
+  # GHSA-78h2-9frx-2jm8 (go-jose/v4) — see full justification in the go-jose/v3 entry above
+  - vulnerability: GHSA-78h2-9frx-2jm8
+    package:
+      name: github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4
+      version: "v4.1.3"
+      type: go-module
+    reason: |
+      HIGH — JWE decryption panic in go-jose v4.1.3 embedded in /usr/bin/caddy.
+      Fix available in v4.1.4 but requires upstream Caddy rebuild. Charon does not use go-jose
+      directly. Deferring to next Caddy release.
+    expiry: "2026-05-05"  # 30-day review: see go-jose/v3 entry above for action items.
 
 # Match exclusions (patterns to ignore during scanning)
 # Use sparingly - prefer specific CVE suppressions above

.trivyignore

@@ -3,14 +3,103 @@ playwright/.auth/
 
 # GHSA-69x3-g4r3-p962 / CVE-2026-25793: Nebula ECDSA Signature Malleability
 # Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8.1) — Package: github.com/slackhq/nebula v1.9.7 in /usr/bin/caddy
-# Cannot upgrade: smallstep/certificates v0.27.5 (latest stable as of 2026-02-19) still pins nebula v1.9.x.
-# Charon does not use Nebula VPN PKI by default. Review by: 2026-03-05
+# Fix exists in nebula v1.10.3, but smallstep/certificates (through v0.30.2) uses legacy nebula
+# APIs removed in v1.10+, causing compile failures. Waiting on certificates upstream update.
+# Charon does not use Nebula VPN PKI by default. Review by: 2026-05-10
 # See also: .grype.yaml for full justification
+# exp: 2026-05-10
 CVE-2026-25793
 
-# CVE-2026-22184: zlib Global Buffer Overflow in untgz utility
-# Severity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8) — Package: zlib 1.3.1-r2 in Alpine base image
-# No upstream fix available: Alpine 3.23 (including edge) still ships zlib 1.3.1-r2.
-# Charon does not use untgz or process untrusted tar archives. Review by: 2026-03-14
+# CVE-2026-27171: zlib CPU spin via crc32_combine64 infinite loop (DoS)
+# Severity: MEDIUM (CVSS 5.5 NVD / 2.9 MITRE) — Package: zlib 1.3.1-r2 in Alpine base image
+# Fix requires zlib >= 1.3.2. No upstream fix available: Alpine 3.23 still ships zlib 1.3.1-r2.
+# Attack requires local access (AV:L); the vulnerable code path is not reachable via Charon's
+# network-facing surface. Non-blocking by CI policy (MEDIUM). Review by: 2026-05-21
+# exp: 2026-05-21
+CVE-2026-27171
+
+# CVE-2026-2673: OpenSSL TLS 1.3 server key exchange group downgrade (libcrypto3/libssl3)
+# Severity: HIGH (CVSS 7.5) — Packages: libcrypto3 3.5.5-r0 and libssl3 3.5.5-r0 in Alpine base image
+# No upstream fix available: Alpine 3.23 still ships libcrypto3/libssl3 3.5.5-r0 as of 2026-03-18.
+# When DEFAULT is in TLS 1.3 group config, server may select a weaker key exchange group.
+# Charon terminates TLS at the Caddy layer — the Go backend does not act as a raw TLS 1.3 server.
+# Review by: 2026-05-18
 # See also: .grype.yaml for full justification
-CVE-2026-22184
+# exp: 2026-05-18
+CVE-2026-2673
+
+# CVE-2026-33186 / GHSA-p77j-4mvh-x3m3: gRPC-Go authorization bypass via missing leading slash
+# Severity: CRITICAL (CVSS 9.1) — Package: google.golang.org/grpc, embedded in CrowdSec (v1.74.2) and Caddy (v1.79.1)
+# Fix exists at v1.79.3 — Charon's own dep is patched. Waiting on CrowdSec and Caddy upstream releases.
+# CrowdSec's and Caddy's grpc servers are not exposed externally in a standard Charon deployment.
+# Suppressed for CrowdSec/Caddy embedded binaries only — Charon's direct deps are fixed (v1.79.3).
+# Review by: 2026-05-04
+# See also: .grype.yaml for full justification
+# exp: 2026-05-04
+CVE-2026-33186
+
+# GHSA-479m-364c-43vc: goxmldsig XML signature validation bypass (loop variable capture)
+# Severity: HIGH (CVSS 7.5) — Package: github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig v1.5.0, embedded in /usr/bin/caddy
+# Fix exists at v1.6.0 — waiting on Caddy upstream (or caddy-security plugin) to release with patched goxmldsig.
+# Charon does not configure SAML-based SSO by default; the vulnerable path is not reachable in a standard deployment.
+# Awaiting Caddy upstream update to include goxmldsig v1.6.0.
+# Review by: 2026-05-04
+# See also: .grype.yaml for full justification
+# exp: 2026-05-04
+GHSA-479m-364c-43vc
+
+# GHSA-6g7g-w4f8-9c9x: buger/jsonparser Delete panic on malformed JSON (DoS)
+# Severity: HIGH (CVSS 7.5) — Package: github.com/buger/jsonparser v1.1.1, embedded in CrowdSec binaries
+# No upstream fix available as of 2026-03-19 (issue #275 open, golang/vulndb #4514 open).
+# Charon does not use this package; the vector requires reaching CrowdSec's internal processing pipeline.
+# Review by: 2026-05-19
+# See also: .grype.yaml for full justification
+# exp: 2026-05-19
+GHSA-6g7g-w4f8-9c9x
+
+# GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23: pgproto3/v2 DataRow.Decode panic on negative field length (DoS)
+# Severity: HIGH (CVSS 7.5) — Package: github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2 v2.3.3, embedded in CrowdSec binaries
+# pgproto3/v2 is archived/EOL — no fix will be released. Fix path requires CrowdSec to migrate to pgx/v5.
+# Charon uses SQLite; the PostgreSQL code path is not reachable in a standard deployment.
+# Review by: 2026-05-19
+# See also: .grype.yaml for full justification
+# exp: 2026-05-19
+GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23
+
+# GHSA-x6gf-mpr2-68h6 / CVE-2026-4427: pgproto3/v2 DataRow.Decode panic on negative field length (DoS)
+# Severity: HIGH (CVSS 7.5) — Package: github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2 v2.3.3, embedded in CrowdSec binaries
+# NVD/Red Hat alias (CVE-2026-4427) for the same underlying bug as GHSA-jqcq-xjh3-6g23.
+# pgproto3/v2 is archived/EOL — no fix will be released. Fix path requires CrowdSec to migrate to pgx/v5.
+# Charon uses SQLite; the PostgreSQL code path is not reachable in a standard deployment.
+# Review by: 2026-05-21
+# See also: .grype.yaml for full justification
+# exp: 2026-05-21
+GHSA-x6gf-mpr2-68h6
+
+# CVE-2026-32286: pgproto3/v2 buffer overflow in DataRow handling (DoS)
+# Severity: HIGH (CVSS 7.5) — Package: github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2 v2.3.3, embedded in CrowdSec binaries
+# pgproto3/v2 v2.3.3 is the final release — repository archived Jul 12, 2025. No fix will be released.
+# Fix exists only in pgproto3/v3 (used by pgx/v5). CrowdSec v1.7.7 (latest) still depends on pgx/v4 → pgproto3/v2.
+# Dockerfile already applies best-effort mitigation (pgx/v4@v4.18.3).
+# Charon uses SQLite; the PostgreSQL code path is not reachable in a standard deployment.
+# Review by: 2026-07-09
+# See also: .grype.yaml for full justification
+# exp: 2026-07-09
+CVE-2026-32286
+
+# CVE-2026-33997 / GHSA-pxq6-2prw-chj9: Moby off-by-one error in plugin privilege validation
+# Severity: MEDIUM (CVSS 6.8) — Package: github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible
+# Fixed in moby/moby v29.3.1 but no fix for docker/docker import path.
+# Charon uses Docker client SDK only (list containers); plugin privilege validation is server-side.
+# Review by: 2026-04-30
+# See also: .grype.yaml for full justification
+# exp: 2026-04-30
+CVE-2026-33997
+
+# GHSA-pxq6-2prw-chj9: Moby off-by-one error in plugin privilege validation (GHSA alias)
+# Severity: MEDIUM (CVSS 6.8) — Package: github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible
+# GHSA alias for CVE-2026-33997. See CVE-2026-33997 entry above for full details.
+# Review by: 2026-04-30
+# See also: .grype.yaml for full justification
+# exp: 2026-04-30
+GHSA-pxq6-2prw-chj9

.version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-v0.21.0
+v0.27.0

ARCHITECTURE.md

@@ -139,15 +139,15 @@ graph TB
 | Component | Technology | Version | Purpose |
 |-----------|-----------|---------|---------|
 | **Framework** | React | 19.2.3 | UI framework |
-| **Language** | TypeScript | 5.x | Type-safe JavaScript |
-| **Build Tool** | Vite | 6.1.9 | Fast bundler and dev server |
-| **CSS Framework** | Tailwind CSS | 3.x | Utility-first CSS |
+| **Language** | TypeScript | 6.x | Type-safe JavaScript |
+| **Build Tool** | Vite | 8.0.0-beta.18 | Fast bundler and dev server |
+| **CSS Framework** | Tailwind CSS | 4.2.1 | Utility-first CSS |
 | **Routing** | React Router | 7.x | Client-side routing |
 | **HTTP Client** | Fetch API | Native | API communication |
 | **State Management** | React Hooks + Context | Native | Global state |
 | **Internationalization** | i18next | Latest | 5 language support |
-| **Unit Testing** | Vitest | 2.x | Fast unit test runner |
-| **E2E Testing** | Playwright | 1.50.x | Browser automation |
+| **Unit Testing** | Vitest | 4.1.0-beta.6 | Fast unit test runner |
+| **E2E Testing** | Playwright | 1.58.2 | Browser automation |
 
 ### Infrastructure
 
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ graph TB
 │   │   └── main.tsx            # Application entry point
 │   ├── public/                 # Static assets
 │   ├── package.json            # NPM dependencies
-│   └── vite.config.js          # Vite configuration
+│   └── vite.config.ts          # Vite configuration
 │
 ├── .docker/                    # Docker configuration
 │   ├── compose/                # Docker Compose files
@@ -306,11 +306,13 @@ graph TB
 **Key Modules:**
 
 #### API Layer (`internal/api/`)
+
 - **Handlers:** Process HTTP requests, validate input, return responses
 - **Middleware:** CORS, GZIP, authentication, logging, metrics, panic recovery
 - **Routes:** Route registration and grouping (public vs authenticated)
 
 **Example Endpoints:**
+
 - `GET /api/v1/proxy-hosts` - List all proxy hosts
 - `POST /api/v1/proxy-hosts` - Create new proxy host
 - `PUT /api/v1/proxy-hosts/:id` - Update proxy host
@@ -318,6 +320,7 @@ graph TB
 - `WS /api/v1/logs` - WebSocket for real-time logs
 
 #### Service Layer (`internal/services/`)
+
 - **ProxyService:** CRUD operations for proxy hosts, validation logic
 - **CertificateService:** ACME certificate provisioning and renewal
 - **DockerService:** Container discovery and monitoring
@@ -327,12 +330,14 @@ graph TB
 **Design Pattern:** Services contain business logic and call multiple repositories/managers
 
 #### Caddy Manager (`internal/caddy/`)
+
 - **Manager:** Orchestrates Caddy configuration updates
 - **Config Builder:** Generates Caddy JSON from database models
 - **Reload Logic:** Atomic config application with rollback on failure
 - **Security Integration:** Injects Cerberus middleware into Caddy pipelines
 
 **Responsibilities:**
+
 1. Generate Caddy JSON configuration from database state
 2. Validate configuration before applying
 3. Trigger Caddy reload via JSON API
@@ -340,22 +345,26 @@ graph TB
 5. Integrate security layers (WAF, ACL, Rate Limiting)
 
 #### Security Suite (`internal/cerberus/`)
+
 - **ACL (Access Control Lists):** IP-based allow/deny rules, GeoIP blocking
 - **WAF (Web Application Firewall):** Coraza engine with OWASP CRS
 - **CrowdSec:** Behavior-based threat detection with global intelligence
 - **Rate Limiter:** Per-IP request throttling
 
 **Integration Points:**
+
 - Middleware injection into Caddy request pipeline
 - Database-driven rule configuration
 - Metrics collection for security events
 
 #### Database Layer (`internal/database/`)
+
 - **Migrations:** Automatic schema versioning with GORM AutoMigrate
 - **Seeding:** Default settings and admin user creation
 - **Connection Management:** SQLite with WAL mode and connection pooling
 
 **Schema Overview:**
+
 - **ProxyHost:** Domain, upstream target, SSL config
 - **RemoteServer:** Upstream server definitions
 - **CaddyConfig:** Generated Caddy configuration (audit trail)
@@ -372,6 +381,7 @@ graph TB
 **Component Architecture:**
 
 #### Pages (`src/pages/`)
+
 - **Dashboard:** System overview, recent activity, quick actions
 - **ProxyHosts:** List, create, edit, delete proxy configurations
 - **Certificates:** Manage SSL/TLS certificates, view expiry
@@ -380,17 +390,20 @@ graph TB
 - **Users:** User management (admin only)
 
 #### Components (`src/components/`)
+
 - **Forms:** Reusable form inputs with validation
 - **Modals:** Dialog components for CRUD operations
 - **Tables:** Data tables with sorting, filtering, pagination
 - **Layout:** Header, sidebar, navigation
 
 #### API Client (`src/api/`)
+
 - Centralized API calls with error handling
 - Request/response type definitions
 - Authentication token management
 
 **Example:**
+
 ```typescript
 export const getProxyHosts = async (): Promise<ProxyHost[]> => {
   const response = await fetch('/api/v1/proxy-hosts', {
@@ -402,11 +415,13 @@ export const getProxyHosts = async (): Promise<ProxyHost[]> => {
 ```
 
 #### State Management
+
 - **React Context:** Global state for auth, theme, language
 - **Local State:** Component-specific state with `useState`
 - **Custom Hooks:** Encapsulate API calls and side effects
 
 **Example Hook:**
+
 ```typescript
 export const useProxyHosts = () => {
   const [hosts, setHosts] = useState<ProxyHost[]>([]);
@@ -425,11 +440,13 @@ export const useProxyHosts = () => {
 **Purpose:** High-performance reverse proxy with automatic HTTPS
 
 **Integration:**
+
 - Embedded as a library in the Go backend
 - Configured via JSON API (not Caddyfile)
 - Listens on ports 80 (HTTP) and 443 (HTTPS)
 
 **Features Used:**
+
 - Dynamic configuration updates without restarts
 - Automatic HTTPS with Let's Encrypt and ZeroSSL
 - DNS challenge support for wildcard certificates
@@ -437,6 +454,7 @@ export const useProxyHosts = () => {
 - Request logging and metrics
 
 **Configuration Flow:**
+
 1. User creates proxy host via frontend
 2. Backend validates and saves to database
 3. Caddy Manager generates JSON configuration
@@ -461,12 +479,14 @@ For each proxy host, Charon generates **two routes** with the same domain:
    - Handlers: Full Cerberus security suite
 
 This pattern is **intentional and valid**:
+
 - Emergency route provides break-glass access to security controls
 - Main route protects application with enterprise security features
 - Caddy processes routes in order (emergency matches first)
 - Validator allows duplicate hosts when one has paths and one doesn't
 
 **Example:**
+
 ```json
 // Emergency Route (evaluated first)
 {
@@ -488,6 +508,7 @@ This pattern is **intentional and valid**:
 **Purpose:** Persistent data storage
 
 **Why SQLite:**
+
 - Embedded (no external database server)
 - Serverless (perfect for single-user/small team)
 - ACID compliant with WAL mode
@@ -495,16 +516,19 @@ This pattern is **intentional and valid**:
 - Backup-friendly (single file)
 
 **Configuration:**
+
 - **WAL Mode:** Allows concurrent reads during writes
 - **Foreign Keys:** Enforced referential integrity
 - **Pragma Settings:** Performance optimizations
 
 **Backup Strategy:**
+
 - Automated daily backups to `data/backups/`
 - Retention: 7 daily, 4 weekly, 12 monthly backups
 - Backup during low-traffic periods
 
 **Migrations:**
+
 - GORM AutoMigrate for schema changes
 - Manual migrations for complex data transformations
 - Rollback support via backup restoration
@@ -537,6 +561,7 @@ graph LR
 **Purpose:** Prevent brute-force attacks and API abuse
 
 **Implementation:**
+
 - Per-IP request counters with sliding window
 - Configurable thresholds (e.g., 100 req/min, 1000 req/hour)
 - HTTP 429 response when limit exceeded
@@ -547,12 +572,15 @@ graph LR
 **Purpose:** Behavior-based threat detection
 
 **Features:**
+
 - Local log analysis (brute-force, port scans, exploits)
 - Global threat intelligence (crowd-sourced IP reputation)
 - Automatic IP banning with configurable duration
 - Decision management API (view, create, delete bans)
+- IP whitelist management: operators add/remove IPs and CIDRs via the management UI; entries are persisted in SQLite and regenerated into a `crowdsecurity/whitelists` parser YAML on every mutating operation and at startup
 
 **Modes:**
+
 - **Local Only:** No external API calls
 - **API Mode:** Sync with CrowdSec cloud for global intelligence
 
@@ -561,12 +589,14 @@ graph LR
 **Purpose:** IP-based access control
 
 **Features:**
+
 - Per-proxy-host allow/deny rules
 - CIDR range support (e.g., `192.168.1.0/24`)
 - Geographic blocking via GeoIP2 (MaxMind)
 - Admin whitelist (emergency access)
 
 **Evaluation Order:**
+
 1. Check admin whitelist (always allow)
 2. Check deny list (explicit block)
 3. Check allow list (explicit allow)
@@ -579,6 +609,7 @@ graph LR
 **Engine:** Coraza with OWASP Core Rule Set (CRS)
 
 **Detection Categories:**
+
 - SQL Injection (SQLi)
 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
 - Remote Code Execution (RCE)
@@ -587,12 +618,14 @@ graph LR
 - Command Injection
 
 **Modes:**
+
 - **Monitor:** Log but don't block (testing)
 - **Block:** Return HTTP 403 for violations
 
 ### Layer 5: Application Security
 
 **Additional Protections:**
+
 - **SSRF Prevention:** Block requests to private IP ranges in webhooks/URL validation
 - **HTTP Security Headers:** CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options, X-Content-Type-Options
 - **Input Validation:** Server-side validation for all user inputs
@@ -610,6 +643,7 @@ graph LR
 3. **Direct Database Access:** Manual SQLite update as last resort
 
 **Emergency Token:**
+
 - 64-character hex token set via `CHARON_EMERGENCY_TOKEN`
 - Grants temporary admin access
 - Rotated after each use
@@ -635,6 +669,7 @@ Charon operates with **two distinct traffic flows** on separate ports, each with
 - **Testing:** Playwright E2E tests verify UI/UX functionality on this port
 
 **Why No Middleware?**
+
 - Management interface must remain accessible even when security modules are misconfigured
 - Emergency endpoints (`/api/v1/emergency/*`) require unrestricted access for system recovery
 - Separation of concerns: admin access control is handled by JWT, not proxy-level security
@@ -797,6 +832,7 @@ sequenceDiagram
 **Rationale:** Simplicity over scalability - target audience is home users and small teams
 
 **Container Contents:**
+
 - Frontend static files (Vite build output)
 - Go backend binary
 - Embedded Caddy server
@@ -911,11 +947,13 @@ services:
 ### High Availability Considerations
 
 **Current Limitations:**
+
 - SQLite does not support clustering
 - Single point of failure (one container)
 - Not designed for horizontal scaling
 
 **Future Options:**
+
 - PostgreSQL backend for HA deployments
 - Read replicas for load balancing
 - Container orchestration (Kubernetes, Docker Swarm)
@@ -927,6 +965,7 @@ services:
 ### Local Development Setup
 
 1. **Prerequisites:**
+
    ```bash
    - Go 1.26+ (backend development)
    - Node.js 23+ and npm (frontend development)
@@ -935,12 +974,14 @@ services:
    ```
 
 2. **Clone Repository:**
+
    ```bash
    git clone https://github.com/Wikid82/Charon.git
    cd Charon
    ```
 
 3. **Backend Development:**
+
    ```bash
    cd backend
    go mod download
@@ -949,6 +990,7 @@ services:
    ```
 
 4. **Frontend Development:**
+
    ```bash
    cd frontend
    npm install
@@ -957,6 +999,7 @@ services:
    ```
 
 5. **Full-Stack Development (Docker):**
+
    ```bash
    docker-compose -f .docker/compose/docker-compose.dev.yml up
    # Frontend + Backend + Caddy in one container
@@ -965,12 +1008,14 @@ services:
 ### Git Workflow
 
 **Branch Strategy:**
+
 - `main`: Stable production branch
 - `feature/*`: New feature development
 - `fix/*`: Bug fixes
 - `chore/*`: Maintenance tasks
 
 **Commit Convention:**
+
 - `feat:` New user-facing feature
 - `fix:` Bug fix in application code
 - `chore:` Infrastructure, CI/CD, dependencies
@@ -979,6 +1024,7 @@ services:
 - `test:` Adding or updating tests
 
 **Example:**
+
 ```
 feat: add DNS-01 challenge support for Cloudflare
 
@@ -1031,6 +1077,7 @@ Closes #123
 **Purpose:** Validate critical user flows in a real browser
 
 **Scope:**
+
 - User authentication
 - Proxy host CRUD operations
 - Certificate provisioning
@@ -1038,6 +1085,7 @@ Closes #123
 - Real-time log streaming
 
 **Execution:**
+
 ```bash
 # Run against Docker container
 npx playwright test --project=chromium
@@ -1050,10 +1098,12 @@ npx playwright test --debug
 ```
 
 **Coverage Modes:**
+
 - **Docker Mode:** Integration testing, no coverage (0% reported)
 - **Vite Dev Mode:** Coverage collection with V8 inspector
 
 **Why Two Modes?**
+
 - Playwright coverage requires source maps and raw source files
 - Docker serves pre-built production files (no source maps)
 - Vite dev server exposes source files for coverage instrumentation
@@ -1067,6 +1117,7 @@ npx playwright test --debug
 **Coverage Target:** 85% minimum
 
 **Execution:**
+
 ```bash
 # Run all tests
 go test ./...
@@ -1079,11 +1130,13 @@ go test -cover ./...
 ```
 
 **Test Organization:**
+
 - `*_test.go` files alongside source code
 - Table-driven tests for comprehensive coverage
 - Mocks for external dependencies (database, HTTP clients)
 
 **Example:**
+
 ```go
 func TestCreateProxyHost(t *testing.T) {
     tests := []struct {
@@ -1123,6 +1176,7 @@ func TestCreateProxyHost(t *testing.T) {
 **Coverage Target:** 85% minimum
 
 **Execution:**
+
 ```bash
 # Run all tests
 npm test
@@ -1135,6 +1189,7 @@ npm run test:coverage
 ```
 
 **Test Organization:**
+
 - `*.test.tsx` files alongside components
 - Mock API calls with MSW (Mock Service Worker)
 - Snapshot tests for UI consistency
@@ -1146,12 +1201,14 @@ npm run test:coverage
 **Location:** `backend/integration/`
 
 **Scope:**
+
 - API endpoint end-to-end flows
 - Database migrations
 - Caddy manager integration
 - CrowdSec API calls
 
 **Execution:**
+
 ```bash
 go test ./integration/...
 ```
@@ -1161,6 +1218,7 @@ go test ./integration/...
 **Automated Hooks (via `.pre-commit-config.yaml`):**
 
 **Fast Stage (< 5 seconds):**
+
 - Trailing whitespace removal
 - EOF fixer
 - YAML syntax check
@@ -1168,11 +1226,13 @@ go test ./integration/...
 - Markdown link validation
 
 **Manual Stage (run explicitly):**
+
 - Backend coverage tests (60-90s)
 - Frontend coverage tests (30-60s)
 - TypeScript type checking (10-20s)
 
 **Why Manual?**
+
 - Coverage tests are slow and would block commits
 - Developers run them on-demand before pushing
 - CI enforces coverage on pull requests
@@ -1180,10 +1240,12 @@ go test ./integration/...
 ### Continuous Integration (GitHub Actions)
 
 **Workflow Triggers:**
+
 - `push` to `main`, `feature/*`, `fix/*`
 - `pull_request` to `main`
 
 **CI Jobs:**
+
 1. **Lint:** golangci-lint, ESLint, markdownlint, hadolint
 2. **Test:** Go tests, Vitest, Playwright
 3. **Security:** Trivy, CodeQL, Grype, Govulncheck
@@ -1205,6 +1267,7 @@ go test ./integration/...
 - **PRERELEASE:** `-beta.1`, `-rc.1`, etc.
 
 **Examples:**
+
 - `1.0.0` - Stable release
 - `1.1.0` - New feature (DNS provider support)
 - `1.1.1` - Bug fix (GORM query fix)
@@ -1215,12 +1278,14 @@ go test ./integration/...
 ### Build Pipeline (Multi-Platform)
 
 **Platforms Supported:**
+
 - `linux/amd64`
 - `linux/arm64`
 
 **Build Process:**
 
 1. **Frontend Build:**
+
    ```bash
    cd frontend
    npm ci --only=production
@@ -1229,6 +1294,7 @@ go test ./integration/...
    ```
 
 2. **Backend Build:**
+
    ```bash
    cd backend
    go build -o charon cmd/api/main.go
@@ -1236,6 +1302,7 @@ go test ./integration/...
    ```
 
 3. **Docker Image Build:**
+
    ```bash
    docker buildx build \
      --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 \
@@ -1292,6 +1359,7 @@ go test ./integration/...
    - Level: SLSA Build L3 (hermetic builds)
 
 **Verification Example:**
+
 ```bash
 # Verify image signature
 cosign verify \
@@ -1309,6 +1377,7 @@ grype ghcr.io/wikid82/charon@sha256:<index-digest>
 ### Rollback Strategy
 
 **Container Rollback:**
+
 ```bash
 # List available versions
 docker images wikid82/charon
@@ -1319,6 +1388,7 @@ docker-compose up -d --pull always wikid82/charon:1.1.1
 ```
 
 **Database Rollback:**
+
 ```bash
 # Restore from backup
 docker exec charon /app/scripts/restore-backup.sh \
@@ -1355,11 +1425,13 @@ docker exec charon /app/scripts/restore-backup.sh \
 ### API Extensibility
 
 **REST API Design:**
+
 - Version prefix: `/api/v1/`
 - Future versions: `/api/v2/` (backward-compatible)
 - Deprecation policy: 2 major versions supported
 
 **WebHooks (Future):**
+
 - Event notifications for external systems
 - Triggers: Proxy host created, certificate renewed, security event
 - Payload: JSON with event type and data
@@ -1369,6 +1441,7 @@ docker exec charon /app/scripts/restore-backup.sh \
 **Current:** Cerberus security middleware injected into Caddy pipeline
 
 **Future:**
+
 - User-defined middleware (rate limiting rules, custom headers)
 - JavaScript/Lua scripting for request transformation
 - Plugin marketplace for community contributions
@@ -1452,6 +1525,7 @@ docker exec charon /app/scripts/restore-backup.sh \
 **GitHub Copilot Instructions:**
 
 All agents (`Planning`, `Backend_Dev`, `Frontend_Dev`, `DevOps`) must reference `ARCHITECTURE.md` when:
+
 - Creating new components
 - Modifying core systems
 - Changing integration points

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,17 +7,55 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### Added
+
+- **CrowdSec Dashboard**: Visual analytics for CrowdSec security data within the Security section
+  - Summary cards showing total bans, active bans, unique IPs, and top scenario
+  - Interactive charts: ban timeline (area), top attacking IPs (bar), scenario breakdown (pie)
+  - Configurable time range selector (1h, 6h, 24h, 7d, 30d)
+  - Active decisions table with IP, scenario, duration, type, and time remaining
+  - Alerts feed with pagination sourced from CrowdSec LAPI
+  - CSV and JSON export for decisions data
+  - Server-side caching (30–60s TTL) for fast dashboard loads
+  - Full i18n support across all 5 locales (en, de, fr, es, zh)
+  - Keyboard navigable, screen-reader compatible (WCAG 2.2 AA)
+
+- **Notifications:** Added Ntfy notification provider with support for self-hosted and cloud instances, optional Bearer token authentication, and JSON template customization
+
+- **Certificate Deletion**: Clean up expired and unused certificates directly from the Certificates page
+  - Expired Let's Encrypt certificates not attached to any proxy host can now be deleted
+  - Custom and staging certificates remain deletable when not in use
+  - In-use certificates show a disabled delete button with a tooltip explaining why
+  - Native browser confirmation replaced with an accessible, themed confirmation dialog
+
+- **Pushover Notification Provider**: Send push notifications to your devices via the Pushover app
+  - Supports JSON templates (minimal, detailed, custom)
+  - Application API Token stored securely — never exposed in API responses
+  - User Key stored in the URL field, following the same pattern as Telegram
+  - Feature flag: `feature.notifications.service.pushover.enabled` (on by default)
+  - Emergency priority (2) is intentionally unsupported — deferred to a future release
+
+- **Slack Notification Provider**: Send alerts to Slack channels via Incoming Webhooks
+  - Supports JSON templates (minimal, detailed, custom) with Slack's native `text` format
+  - Webhook URL stored securely — never exposed in API responses
+  - Optional channel display name for easy identification in provider list
+  - Feature flag: `feature.notifications.service.slack.enabled` (on by default)
+  - See [Notification Guide](docs/features/notifications.md) for setup instructions
+
 ### CI/CD
+
 - **Supply Chain**: Optimized verification workflow to prevent redundant builds
   - Change: Removed direct Push/PR triggers; now waits for 'Docker Build' via `workflow_run`
 
 ### Security
+
 - **Supply Chain**: Enhanced PR verification workflow stability and accuracy
   - **Vulnerability Reporting**: Eliminated false negatives ("0 vulnerabilities") by enforcing strict failure conditions
   - **Tooling**: Switched to manual Grype installation ensuring usage of latest stable binary
   - **Observability**: Improved debugging visibility for vulnerability scans and SARIF generation
 
 ### Performance
+
 - **E2E Tests**: Reduced feature flag API calls by 90% through conditional polling optimization (Phase 2)
   - Conditional skip: Exits immediately if flags already in expected state (~50% of cases)
   - Request coalescing: Shares in-flight API requests between parallel test workers
@@ -29,6 +67,17 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
   - Prevents timeout errors in Firefox/WebKit caused by strict label matching
 
 ### Fixed
+
+- **Notifications:** Fixed Pushover token-clearing bug where tokens were silently stripped on provider create/update
+- **TCP Monitor Creation**: Fixed misleading form UX that caused silent HTTP 500 errors when creating TCP monitors
+  - Corrected URL placeholder to show `host:port` format instead of the incorrect `tcp://host:port` prefix
+  - Added dynamic per-type placeholder and helper text (HTTP monitors show a full URL example; TCP monitors show `host:port`)
+  - Added client-side validation that blocks form submission when a scheme prefix (e.g. `tcp://`) is detected, with an inline error message
+  - Reordered form fields so the monitor type selector appears above the URL input, making the dynamic helper text immediately relevant
+  - i18n: Added 5 new translation keys across en, de, fr, es, and zh locales
+- **CI: Rate Limit Integration Tests**: Hardened test script reliability — login now validates HTTP status, Caddy admin API readiness gated on `/config/` poll, security config failures are fatal with full diagnostics, and poll interval increased to 5s
+- **CI: Rate Limit Integration Tests**: Removed stale GeoIP database SHA256 checksum from Dockerfile non-CI path (hash was perpetually stale due to weekly upstream updates)
+- **CI: Rate Limit Integration Tests**: Fixed Caddy admin API debug dump URL to use canonical trailing slash in workflow
 - Fixed: Added robust validation and debug logging for Docker image tags to prevent invalid reference errors.
 - Fixed: Removed log masking for image references and added manifest validation to debug CI failures.
 - **Proxy Hosts**: Fixed ACL and Security Headers dropdown selections so create/edit saves now keep the selected values (including clearing to none) after submit and reload.
@@ -41,6 +90,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 - **Test Performance**: Reduced system settings test execution time by 31% (from 23 minutes to 16 minutes)
 
 ### Changed
+
 - **Testing Infrastructure**: Enhanced E2E test helpers with better synchronization and error handling
 - **CI**: Optimized E2E workflow shards [Reduced from 4 to 3]
 

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ brew install lefthook
 go install github.com/evilmartians/lefthook@latest
 ```
 
-
-
 ```bash
 # Option 1: Homebrew (macOS/Linux)
 brew install golangci-lint
@@ -84,17 +82,20 @@ For local development, install go 1.26.0+ from [go.dev/dl](https://go.dev/dl/).
 When the project's Go version is updated (usually by Renovate):
 
 1. **Pull the latest changes**
+
    ```bash
    git pull
    ```
 
 2. **Update your local Go installation**
+
    ```bash
    # Run the Go update skill (downloads and installs the new version)
    .github/skills/scripts/skill-runner.sh utility-update-go-version
    ```
 
 3. **Rebuild your development tools**
+
    ```bash
    # This fixes lefthook hook errors and IDE issues
    ./scripts/rebuild-go-tools.sh

Dockerfile

@@ -10,22 +10,26 @@ ARG BUILD_DEBUG=0
 
 # ---- Pinned Toolchain Versions ----
 # renovate: datasource=docker depName=golang versioning=docker
-ARG GO_VERSION=1.26.1
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.26.2
 
 # renovate: datasource=docker depName=alpine versioning=docker
-ARG ALPINE_IMAGE=alpine:3.23.3@sha256:25109184c71bdad752c8312a8623239686a9a2071e8825f20acb8f2198c3f659
+ARG ALPINE_IMAGE=alpine:3.23.4@sha256:5b10f432ef3da1b8d4c7eb6c487f2f5a8f096bc91145e68878dd4a5019afde11
 
 # ---- Shared CrowdSec Version ----
 # renovate: datasource=github-releases depName=crowdsecurity/crowdsec
-ARG CROWDSEC_VERSION=1.7.6
+ARG CROWDSEC_VERSION=1.7.7
 # CrowdSec fallback tarball checksum (v${CROWDSEC_VERSION})
 ARG CROWDSEC_RELEASE_SHA256=704e37121e7ac215991441cef0d8732e33fa3b1a2b2b88b53a0bfe5e38f863bd
 
 # ---- Shared Go Security Patches ----
 # renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/expr-lang/expr
-ARG EXPR_LANG_VERSION=1.17.7
+ARG EXPR_LANG_VERSION=1.17.8
 # renovate: datasource=go depName=golang.org/x/net
-ARG XNET_VERSION=0.51.0
+ARG XNET_VERSION=0.53.0
+# renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/smallstep/certificates
+ARG SMALLSTEP_CERTIFICATES_VERSION=0.30.0
+# renovate: datasource=npm depName=npm
+ARG NPM_VERSION=11.11.1
 
 # Allow pinning Caddy version - Renovate will update this
 # Build the most recent Caddy 2.x release (keeps major pinned under v3).
@@ -39,9 +43,9 @@ ARG CADDY_CANDIDATE_VERSION=2.11.2
 ARG CADDY_USE_CANDIDATE=0
 ARG CADDY_PATCH_SCENARIO=B
 # renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/greenpau/caddy-security
-ARG CADDY_SECURITY_VERSION=1.1.45
+ARG CADDY_SECURITY_VERSION=1.1.62
 # renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/corazawaf/coraza-caddy
-ARG CORAZA_CADDY_VERSION=2.2.0
+ARG CORAZA_CADDY_VERSION=2.5.0
 ## When an official caddy image tag isn't available on the host, use a
 ## plain Alpine base image and overwrite its caddy binary with our
 ## xcaddy-built binary in the later COPY step. This avoids relying on
@@ -88,7 +92,7 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
 # ---- Frontend Builder ----
 # Build the frontend using the BUILDPLATFORM to avoid arm64 musl Rollup native issues
 # renovate: datasource=docker depName=node
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM node:24.14.0-alpine@sha256:7fddd9ddeae8196abf4a3ef2de34e11f7b1a722119f91f28ddf1e99dcafdf114 AS frontend-builder
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM node:24.15.0-alpine@sha256:d1b3b4da11eefd5941e7f0b9cf17783fc99d9c6fc34884a665f40a06dbdfc94f AS frontend-builder
 WORKDIR /app/frontend
 
 # Copy frontend package files
@@ -99,9 +103,12 @@ ARG VERSION=dev
 # Make version available to Vite as VITE_APP_VERSION during the frontend build
 ENV VITE_APP_VERSION=${VERSION}
 
-# Set environment to bypass native binary requirement for cross-arch builds
-ENV npm_config_rollup_skip_nodejs_native=1 \
-    ROLLUP_SKIP_NODEJS_NATIVE=1
+# Vite 8: Rolldown native bindings auto-resolved per platform via optionalDependencies
+ARG NPM_VERSION
+# hadolint ignore=DL3017
+RUN apk upgrade --no-cache && \
+    npm install -g npm@${NPM_VERSION} --no-fund --no-audit && \
+    npm cache clean --force
 
 RUN npm ci
 
@@ -124,7 +131,7 @@ SHELL ["/bin/ash", "-o", "pipefail", "-c"]
 ARG TARGETPLATFORM
 ARG TARGETARCH
 # hadolint ignore=DL3018
-RUN apk add --no-cache clang lld
+RUN apk add --no-cache git clang lld
 # hadolint ignore=DL3059
 # hadolint ignore=DL3018
 # Install musl (headers + runtime) and gcc for cross-compilation linker
@@ -153,7 +160,7 @@ RUN set -eux; \
 # Note: xx-go install puts binaries in /go/bin/TARGETOS_TARGETARCH/dlv if cross-compiling.
 # We find it and move it to /go/bin/dlv so it's in a consistent location for the next stage.
 # renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/go-delve/delve
-ARG DLV_VERSION=1.26.1
+ARG DLV_VERSION=1.26.2
 # hadolint ignore=DL3059,DL4006
 RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 xx-go install github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv@v${DLV_VERSION} && \
     DLV_PATH=$(find /go/bin -name dlv -type f | head -n 1) && \
@@ -226,6 +233,7 @@ ARG CORAZA_CADDY_VERSION
 ARG XCADDY_VERSION=0.4.5
 ARG EXPR_LANG_VERSION
 ARG XNET_VERSION
+ARG SMALLSTEP_CERTIFICATES_VERSION
 
 # hadolint ignore=DL3018
 RUN apk add --no-cache bash git
@@ -274,6 +282,36 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
         # renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/hslatman/ipstore
         go get github.com/hslatman/ipstore@v0.4.0; \
         go get golang.org/x/net@v${XNET_VERSION}; \
+        # CVE-2026-33186: gRPC-Go auth bypass (fixed in v1.79.3)
+        # CVE-2026-34986: go-jose/v4 transitive fix (requires grpc >= v1.80.0)
+        # Pin here so the Caddy binary is patched immediately;
+        # remove once Caddy ships a release built with grpc >= v1.80.0.
+        # renovate: datasource=go depName=google.golang.org/grpc
+        go get google.golang.org/grpc@v1.80.0; \
+        # CVE-2026-34986: go-jose JOSE/JWT validation bypass
+        # renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3
+        go get github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3@v3.0.5; \
+        # renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4
+        go get github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4@v4.1.4; \
+        # CVE-2026-39883: OTel SDK resource leak
+        # renovate: datasource=go depName=go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk
+        go get go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk@v1.43.0; \
+        # CVE-2026-39882: OTel HTTP exporter request smuggling
+        # renovate: datasource=go depName=go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp
+        go get go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp@v0.19.0; \
+        # renovate: datasource=go depName=go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp
+        go get go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp@v1.43.0; \
+        # renovate: datasource=go depName=go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp
+        go get go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp@v1.43.0; \
+        # GHSA-479m-364c-43vc: goxmldsig XML signature validation bypass (loop variable capture)
+        # Fix available at v1.6.0. Pin here so the Caddy binary is patched immediately;
+        # remove once caddy-security ships a release built with goxmldsig >= v1.6.0.
+        # renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig
+        go get github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig@v1.6.0; \
+        # CVE-2026-30836: smallstep/certificates 0.30.0-rc3 vulnerability
+        # Fix available at v0.30.0. Pin here so the Caddy binary is patched immediately;
+        # remove once caddy-security ships a release built with smallstep/certificates >= v0.30.0.
+        go get github.com/smallstep/certificates@v${SMALLSTEP_CERTIFICATES_VERSION}; \
         if [ "${CADDY_PATCH_SCENARIO}" = "A" ]; then \
             # Rollback scenario: keep explicit nebula pin if upstream compatibility regresses.
             # NOTE: smallstep/certificates (pulled by caddy-security stack) currently
@@ -307,7 +345,7 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
         rm -rf /tmp/buildenv_* /tmp/caddy-initial'
 
 # ---- CrowdSec Builder ----
-# Build CrowdSec from source to ensure we use Go 1.26.1+ and avoid stdlib vulnerabilities
+# Build CrowdSec from source to ensure we use Go 1.26.2+ and avoid stdlib vulnerabilities
 # (CVE-2025-58183, CVE-2025-58186, CVE-2025-58187, CVE-2025-61729)
 FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine AS crowdsec-builder
 COPY --from=xx / /
@@ -338,6 +376,23 @@ RUN git clone --depth 1 --branch "v${CROWDSEC_VERSION}" https://github.com/crowd
 RUN go get github.com/expr-lang/expr@v${EXPR_LANG_VERSION} && \
     go get golang.org/x/crypto@v0.46.0 && \
     go get golang.org/x/net@v${XNET_VERSION} && \
+    # CVE-2026-33186 (GHSA-p77j-4mvh-x3m3): gRPC-Go auth bypass via missing leading slash
+    # Fix available at v1.79.3. Pin here so the CrowdSec binary is patched immediately;
+    # remove once CrowdSec ships a release built with grpc >= v1.79.3.
+    # renovate: datasource=go depName=google.golang.org/grpc
+    go get google.golang.org/grpc@v1.80.0 && \
+    # CVE-2026-32286: pgproto3/v2 buffer overflow (no v2 fix exists; bump pgx/v4 to latest patch)
+    # renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/jackc/pgx/v4
+    go get github.com/jackc/pgx/v4@v4.18.3 && \
+    # GHSA-xmrv-pmrh-hhx2: AWS SDK v2 event stream injection
+    # renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream
+    go get github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream@v1.7.9 && \
+    # renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/cloudwatchlogs
+    go get github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/cloudwatchlogs@v1.69.1 && \
+    # renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/kinesis
+    go get github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/kinesis@v1.43.6 && \
+    # renovate: datasource=go depName=github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3
+    go get github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3@v1.99.1 && \
     go mod tidy
 
 # Fix compatibility issues with expr-lang v1.17.7
@@ -410,11 +465,11 @@ WORKDIR /app
 # Install runtime dependencies for Charon, including bash for maintenance scripts
 # Note: gosu is now built from source (see gosu-builder stage) to avoid CVEs from Debian's pre-compiled version
 # Explicitly upgrade packages to fix security vulnerabilities
-# binutils provides objdump for debug symbol detection in docker-entrypoint.sh
 # hadolint ignore=DL3018
 RUN apk add --no-cache \
-    bash ca-certificates sqlite-libs sqlite tzdata curl gettext libcap libcap-utils \
-    c-ares binutils libc-utils busybox-extras
+    bash ca-certificates sqlite-libs sqlite tzdata gettext libcap libcap-utils \
+    c-ares busybox-extras \
+    && apk upgrade --no-cache zlib libcrypto3 libssl3 musl musl-utils
 
 # Copy gosu binary from gosu-builder (built with Go 1.26+ to avoid stdlib CVEs)
 COPY --from=gosu-builder /gosu-out/gosu /usr/sbin/gosu
@@ -431,12 +486,13 @@ SHELL ["/bin/ash", "-o", "pipefail", "-c"]
 # Note: In production, users should provide their own MaxMind license key
 # This uses the publicly available GeoLite2 database
 # In CI, timeout quickly rather than retrying to save build time
-ARG GEOLITE2_COUNTRY_SHA256=aa154fc6bcd712644de232a4abcdd07dac1f801308c0b6f93dbc2b375443da7b
+ARG GEOLITE2_COUNTRY_SHA256=62049119bd084e19fff4689bebe258f18a5f27a386e6d26ba5180941b613fc2b
 RUN mkdir -p /app/data/geoip && \
-        if [ -n "$CI" ]; then \
+        if [ "$CI" = "true" ] || [ "$CI" = "1" ]; then \
             echo "⏱️  CI detected - quick download (10s timeout, no retries)"; \
-            if curl -fSL -m 10 "https://github.com/P3TERX/GeoLite.mmdb/raw/download/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb" \
-                -o /app/data/geoip/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb 2>/dev/null; then \
+            if wget -qO /app/data/geoip/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb \
+                -T 10 "https://github.com/P3TERX/GeoLite.mmdb/raw/download/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb" 2>/dev/null \
+                && [ -s /app/data/geoip/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb ]; then \
                 echo "✅ GeoIP downloaded"; \
             else \
                 echo "⚠️  GeoIP skipped"; \
@@ -444,16 +500,12 @@ RUN mkdir -p /app/data/geoip && \
             fi; \
         else \
             echo "Local - full download (30s timeout, 3 retries)"; \
-            if curl -fSL -m 30 --retry 3 "https://github.com/P3TERX/GeoLite.mmdb/raw/download/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb" \
-                -o /app/data/geoip/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb; then \
-                if echo "${GEOLITE2_COUNTRY_SHA256}  /app/data/geoip/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb" | sha256sum -c -; then \
-                    echo "✅ GeoIP checksum verified"; \
-                else \
-                    echo "⚠️  Checksum failed"; \
-                    touch /app/data/geoip/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb.placeholder; \
-                fi; \
+            if wget -qO /app/data/geoip/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb \
+                -T 30 -t 4 "https://github.com/P3TERX/GeoLite.mmdb/raw/download/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb" \
+                && [ -s /app/data/geoip/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb ]; then \
+                echo "✅ GeoIP downloaded"; \
             else \
-                echo "⚠️  Download failed"; \
+                echo "⚠️  GeoIP download failed or empty — skipping"; \
                 touch /app/data/geoip/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb.placeholder; \
             fi; \
         fi
@@ -464,7 +516,7 @@ COPY --from=caddy-builder /usr/bin/caddy /usr/bin/caddy
 # Allow non-root to bind privileged ports (80/443) securely
 RUN setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' /usr/bin/caddy
 
-# Copy CrowdSec binaries from the crowdsec-builder stage (built with Go 1.26.1+)
+# Copy CrowdSec binaries from the crowdsec-builder stage (built with Go 1.26.2+)
 # This ensures we don't have stdlib vulnerabilities from older Go versions
 COPY --from=crowdsec-builder /crowdsec-out/crowdsec /usr/local/bin/crowdsec
 COPY --from=crowdsec-builder /crowdsec-out/cscli /usr/local/bin/cscli
@@ -579,8 +631,8 @@ EXPOSE 80 443 443/udp 2019 8080
 
 # Security: Add healthcheck to monitor container health
 # Verifies the Charon API is responding correctly
-HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=40s --retries=3 \
-    CMD curl -f http://localhost:8080/api/v1/health || exit 1
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=10s --start-period=15s --retries=3 \
+    CMD wget -q -O /dev/null http://localhost:8080/api/v1/health || exit 1
 
 # Create CrowdSec symlink as root before switching to non-root user
 # This symlink allows CrowdSec to use persistent storage at /app/data/crowdsec/config

README.md

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ If you can use a website, you can run Charon.
 Charon includes security features that normally require multiple tools:
 
 - Web Application Firewall (WAF)
-- CrowdSec intrusion detection
+- CrowdSec intrusion detection with analytics dashboard
 - Access Control Lists (ACLs)
 - Rate limiting
 - Emergency recovery tools
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ services:
       retries: 3
       start_period: 40s
 ```
+
 > **Docker Socket Access:** Charon runs as a non-root user. If you mount the Docker socket for container discovery, the container needs permission to read it. Find your socket's group ID and add it to the compose file:
 >
 > ```bash
@@ -107,26 +108,34 @@ services:
 >       - "998"
 > ```
 
-### 2️⃣ Generate encryption key:
+### 2️⃣ Generate encryption key
+
 ```bash
 openssl rand -base64 32
 ```
-### 3️⃣ Start Charon:
+
+### 3️⃣ Start Charon
+
 ```bash
 docker-compose up -d
 ```
-### 4️⃣ Access the dashboard:
+
+### 4️⃣ Access the dashboard
+
 Open your browser and navigate to `http://localhost:8080` to access the dashboard and create your admin account.
+
 ```code
 http://localhost:8080
 ```
-### Getting Started:
-Full setup instructions and documentation are available at [https://wikid82.github.io/Charon/docs/getting-started.html](https://wikid82.github.io/Charon/docs/getting-started.html).
 
+### Getting Started
+
+Full setup instructions and documentation are available at [https://wikid82.github.io/Charon/docs/getting-started.html](https://wikid82.github.io/Charon/docs/getting-started.html).
 
 --- ## ✨ Top 10 Features
 
 ### 🎯 **Point & Click Management**
+
 No config files. No terminal commands. Just click, type your domain name, and you're live. If you can use a website, you can run Charon.
 
 ### 🔐 **Automatic HTTPS Certificates**
@@ -139,7 +148,7 @@ Secure all your subdomains with a single *.example.com certificate. Supports 15+
 
 ### 🛡️ **Enterprise-Grade Security Built In**
 
-Web Application Firewall, rate limiting, geographic blocking, access control lists, and intrusion detection via CrowdSec. Protection that "just works."
+Web Application Firewall, rate limiting, geographic blocking, access control lists, and intrusion detection via CrowdSec—with a built-in analytics dashboard showing attack trends, top offenders, and ban history. Protection that "just works."
 
 ### 🔐 **Supply Chain Security**
 
@@ -160,6 +169,7 @@ See exactly what's happening with live request logs, uptime monitoring, and inst
 ### 📥 **Migration Made Easy**
 
 Already invested in another reverse proxy? Bring your work with you by importing your existing configurations with one click:
+
 - **Caddyfile** — Migrate from other Caddy setups
 - **Nginx** — Import from Nginx based configurations (Coming Soon)
 - **Traefik** - Import from Traefik based configurations (Coming Soon)

VERSION.md

@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@ Example: `0.1.0-alpha`, `1.0.0-beta.1`, `2.0.0-rc.2`
 1. **Create and push a release tag**:
 
    ```bash
+
   git tag -a v1.0.0 -m "Release v1.0.0"
   git push origin v1.0.0
+
    ```
 
 2. **GitHub Actions automatically**:
@@ -51,10 +53,12 @@ Use it only when you need local/version-file parity checks:
   echo "1.0.0" > .version
    ```
 
-2. **Validate `.version` matches the latest tag**:
+1. **Validate `.version` matches the latest tag**:
 
    ```bash
+
   bash scripts/check-version-match-tag.sh
+
    ```
 
 ### Deterministic Rollout Verification Gates (Mandatory)

backend/cmd/api/main.go

@@ -255,7 +255,11 @@ func main() {
 	cerb := cerberus.New(cfg.Security, db)
 
 	// Pass config to routes for auth service and certificate service
-	if err := routes.RegisterWithDeps(router, db, cfg, caddyManager, cerb); err != nil {
+	// Lifecycle context cancelled on shutdown to stop background goroutines
+	appCtx, appCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer appCancel()
+
+	if err := routes.RegisterWithDeps(appCtx, router, db, cfg, caddyManager, cerb); err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("register routes: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -291,6 +295,9 @@ func main() {
 	sig := <-quit
 	logger.Log().Infof("Received signal %v, initiating graceful shutdown...", sig)
 
+	// Cancel the app-wide context to stop background goroutines (e.g. cert expiry checker)
+	appCancel()
+
 	// Graceful shutdown with timeout
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()

backend/go.mod

@@ -1,56 +1,56 @@
 module github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend
 
-go 1.26.1
+go 1.26.2
 
 require (
-	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible
-	github.com/gin-contrib/gzip v1.2.5
+	github.com/gin-contrib/gzip v1.2.6
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.12.0
 	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3
-	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.34
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.42
+	github.com/moby/moby/client v0.4.1
 	github.com/oschwald/geoip2-golang/v2 v2.1.0
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
 	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.48.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.51.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.35.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.50.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.53.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.36.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.15.0
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1
 	gorm.io/driver/sqlite v1.6.0
 	gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1
+	software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.7.1
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.15.0 // indirect
-	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.6 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.13 // indirect
-	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.30.1 // indirect
-	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.30.2 // indirect
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.6 // indirect
 	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.19.2 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
@@ -58,20 +58,17 @@ require (
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.21 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/sys/atomicwriter v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/term v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/moby/api v1.54.2 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 // indirect
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.5 // indirect
@@ -79,24 +76,22 @@ require (
 	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.59.0 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
-	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.3 // indirect
 	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.3.1 // indirect
-	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2 v2.5.0 // indirect
+	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2 v2.5.1 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.67.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.42.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.42.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.42.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.68.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.43.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.43.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.43.0 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.4 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/arch v0.25.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/arch v0.26.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.43.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2 // indirect
-	modernc.org/libc v1.70.0 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.72.0 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 // indirect
-	modernc.org/sqlite v1.46.1 // indirect
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.49.1 // indirect
 )

backend/go.sum

@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
-github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c h1:udKWzYgxTojEKWjV8V+WSxDXJ4NFATAsZjh8iIbsQIg=
-github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERoyfY=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
-github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.3 h1:TPBSwH8RsouGCBcMBktLt1AymVo2TVsBVCY4b6TnZ/M=
-github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.3/go.mod h1:576VvJ+eJgyCzdjS+c4+77QF3p7ubbtiKARP3TxducM=
+github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.4 h1:oZnQwnX82KAIWb7033bEwtxvTqXcYMxDBaQxo5JJHWM=
+github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.4/go.mod h1:v1zWfPm21Fb+OsyXN2VAHdL6TBb2L88anLQgdyje6R4=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.15.0 h1:/PXeWFaR5ElNcVE84U0dOHjiMHQOwNIx3K4ymzh/uSE=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.15.0/go.mod h1:tFkWrPz0/CUCLEF4ri4UkHekCIcdnkqXw9VduqpJh0k=
-github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.5.0 h1:gXH3KVnatgY7loH5/TkeVyXPfESoqSBSBEiDd5VjlgE=
-github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.5.0/go.mod h1:AR4NYCk5DdzZizZ5djGqQ92eEhCCcdf5x77udYiSJRo=
-github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3 h1:ZN+IMa753KfX5hd8vVaMixjnqRZ3y8CuJKRKj1xcsSM=
-github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3/go.mod h1:rkhZdG3JZukswDf7f0cwqPNk4K0sa+F97BxZthm/crw=
+github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.5.1 h1:Ygpfa9zwRCCKSlrp5bBP/b/Xzc3VxsAW+5NIYXrOOpI=
+github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.5.1/go.mod h1:AR4NYCk5DdzZizZ5djGqQ92eEhCCcdf5x77udYiSJRo=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.6 h1:t11wG9AECkCDk5fMSoxmufanudBtJ+/HemLstXDLI2M=
@@ -20,17 +16,13 @@ github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 h1:tg5yIfIlQIrxYtu9ajqY42W3lpS19XqdxRQeEwYG
 github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0/go.mod h1:+YBYIdtsnF4Iw6nWZhJcqGSg/dwvV7tyJ/kCkyJ2k+M=
 github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 h1:9IKJ06FvyNlexW690DXuQNx2KA2cUJXx151Xdx3ZPPE=
 github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NJw6s9HwNuRhnjJhM7pylWwMyAkmCQvQ4GpJHEqRLVk=
-github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 h1:TCJt7ioM2cr/tfR8GPbGf9/VRAX8D2B4PjzCpfX540I=
-github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0/go.mod h1:VRRf09a7mHDIRezVKTRCrOq78v577GXq3bSa3EhrzVo=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 h1:0IXCQ5g4/QMHHkarYzh5l+u8T3t73zM5QvfrDyIgxBk=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0/go.mod h1:BbU0aIcezP1/5jX/8MP0YiH4SdvB5Y4f/wlDRiLyi3E=
-github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible h1:DBX0Y0zAjZbSrm1uzOkdr1onVghKaftjlSWt4AFexzM=
-github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
-github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 h1:LlMG9azAe1TqfR7sO+NJttz1gy6KO7VJBh+pMmjSD94=
-github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0/go.mod h1:AahvXYshr6JgfUJGdDCs2b5EZG/vmaMAntpSFH5BFKE=
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.7.0 h1:6SsRfJddP22WMrCkj19x9WKjEDTB+ahsdiGYf0mN39c=
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.7.0/go.mod h1:no1qkHdjq7kLMGUXYAduOhYPSJxxvgWBh7ogVvptn3Q=
 github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 h1:69rxXcBk27SvSaaxTtLh/8llcHD8vYHT7WSdRZ/jvr4=
 github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0/go.mod h1:fgPhTUdO+D/Jk86RDLlptpiXQzgHJF7gydDDbaIK4Dk=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkpeCY=
@@ -39,10 +31,10 @@ github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 h1:NFTV2Zj1bL4mc9sqWACXbQFVBBg2W3GPvqp8/ESS2
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4/go.mod h1:m8KPJKqk1gH5J9DgRY2ASl2lWCfGKXixSwevea8zH2U=
 github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.13 h1:46nXokslUBsAJE/wMsp5gtO500a4F3Nkz9Ufpk2AcUM=
 github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.13/go.mod h1:d+9Oxyo1wTzWdyVUPMmXFvp4F9tea18J8ufA774AB3s=
-github.com/gin-contrib/gzip v1.2.5 h1:fIZs0S+l17pIu1P5XRJOo/YNqfIuPCrZZ3TWB7pjckI=
-github.com/gin-contrib/gzip v1.2.5/go.mod h1:aomRgR7ftdZV3uWY0gW/m8rChfxau0n8YVvwlOHONzw=
-github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.0 h1:n0w2GMuUpWDVp7qSpvze6fAu9iRxJY4Hmj6AmBOU05w=
-github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.0/go.mod h1:hxRZ5gVpWMT7Z0B0gSNYqqsSCNIJMjzvm6fqCz9vjwM=
+github.com/gin-contrib/gzip v1.2.6 h1:OtN8DplD5DNZCSLAnQ5HxRkD2qZ5VU+JhOrcfJrcRvg=
+github.com/gin-contrib/gzip v1.2.6/go.mod h1:BQy8/+JApnRjAVUplSGZiVtD2k8GmIE2e9rYu/hLzzU=
+github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.1 h1:uGYpNwTacv5R68bSGMapo62iLTRa9l5zxGCps4hK6ko=
+github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.1/go.mod h1:QXzuVkA0YO7o/gun03UI1Q+FTI8ZV/n5t03kIQAI89s=
 github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.12.0 h1:b3YAbrZtnf8N//yjKeU2+MQsh2mY5htkZidOM7O0wG8=
 github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.12.0/go.mod h1:VxccKfsSllpKshkBWgVgRniFFAzFb9csfngsqANjnLc=
 github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0 h1:uAcMJhaA6r3LHMTFgP0SifzgXg46yJkgxqyuyec+ruQ=
@@ -60,10 +52,10 @@ github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 h1:EWaQ/wswjilfKLTECiXz7Rh+3BjFhfDFKv/o
 github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1/go.mod h1:hxrqLVvrK65+Rwrd5Fc6F2O76J/NuW9t0sjnWqG1slY=
 github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 h1:Bcnm0ZwsGyWbCzImXv+pAJnYK9S473LQFuzCbDbfSFY=
 github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1/go.mod h1:xekY+UJKNuX9WP91TpwSH2VMlDf28Uj24BCp08ZFTUY=
-github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.30.1 h1:f3zDSN/zOma+w6+1Wswgd9fLkdwy06ntQJp0BBvFG0w=
-github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.30.1/go.mod h1:oSuBIQzuJxL//3MelwSLD5hc2Tu889bF0Idm9Dg26cM=
-github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5 h1:Fq85nIqj+gXn/S5ahsiTlK3TmC85qgirsdTP/+DeaC4=
-github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5/go.mod h1:oq7eo15ShAhp70Anwd5lgX2pLfOS3QCiwU/PULtXL6M=
+github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.30.2 h1:JiFIMtSSHb2/XBUbWM4i/MpeQm9ZK2xqPNk8vgvu5JQ=
+github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.30.2/go.mod h1:mAf2pIOVXjTEBrwUMGKkCWKKPs9NheYGabeB04txQSc=
+github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.6 h1:p8HrPJzOakx/mn/bQtjgNjdTcN+/S6FcG2CTtQOrHVU=
+github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.6/go.mod h1:oq7eo15ShAhp70Anwd5lgX2pLfOS3QCiwU/PULtXL6M=
 github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.19.2 h1:PmFC1S6h8ljIz6gMRBopkjP1TVT7xuwrButHID66PoM=
 github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.19.2/go.mod h1:XBurs7gK8ATbW4ZPGKgcbrY1Br56PdM69F7LkFRi1kA=
 github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1 h1:kYf81DTWFe7t+1VvL7eS+jKFVWaUnK9cB1qbwn63YCY=
@@ -77,8 +69,6 @@ github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3 h1:saDtZ6Pbx/0u+bgYQ3q96pZgCzfhKXGPqt7kZ72aNNg=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3/go.mod h1:YR8l580nyteQvAITg2hZ9XVh4b55+EU/adAjf1fMHhE=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.2 h1:8Tjv8EJ+pM1xP8mK6egEbD1OgnVTyacbefKhmbLhIhU=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.2/go.mod h1:pkJQ2tZHJ0aFOVEEot6oZmaVEZcRme73eIFmhiVuRWs=
 github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 h1:a+bsQ5rvGLjzHuww6tVxozPZFVghXaHOwFs4luLUK2k=
 github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7/go.mod h1:QeFd9opnmA6QUJc5vARoKUSoFhyfM2/ZepoAG6RGpeM=
 github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 h1:K317FqzuhWc8YvSVlFMCCUb36O/S9MCKRDI7QkRKD/E=
@@ -99,25 +89,21 @@ github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 h1:RPNrshWIDI6G2gRW9EHilWtl7Z6Sb1BR0xunSBf0
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0/go.mod h1:9/0rRGxNHcop5bhtWyNeEfOS8JIWk580+fNqagV/RAw=
 github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 h1:WT9HwE9SGECu3lg4d/dIA+jxlljEa1/ffXKmRjqdmIQ=
 github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0/go.mod h1:bvxc+MVxLKB4z00jd1z+Dvzr47oO32F/QSNjSBOlFxI=
-github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 h1:xfD0iDuEKnDkl03q4limB+vH+GxLEtL/jb4xVJSWWEY=
-github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D7dTCTo3Y=
-github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.34 h1:3NtcvcUnFBPsuRcno8pUtupspG/GM+9nZ88zgJcp6Zk=
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@@ -130,10 +116,8 @@ github.com/oschwald/geoip2-golang/v2 v2.1.0 h1:DjnLhNJu9WHwTrmoiQFvgmyJoczhdnm7L
 github.com/oschwald/geoip2-golang/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:qdVmcPgrTJ4q2eP9tHq/yldMTdp2VMr33uVdFbHBiBc=
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@@ -159,8 +143,9 @@ github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4/go.mod h1:ftWc9WdOfJ0a92nsE2jF5u5ZwH8Bv2zdeOC4
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@@ -172,59 +157,46 @@ github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 h1:SU5vSMR7hnwNxj24w34ZyCi/FmDZTkS
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-google.golang.org/grpc v1.75.0/go.mod h1:JtPAzKiq4v1xcAB2hydNlWI2RnF85XXcV0mhKXr2ecQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.43.0 h1:12BdW9CeB3Z+J/I/wj34VMl8X+fEXBxVR90JeMX5E7s=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.43.0/go.mod h1:uHkMso649BX2cZK6+RpuIPXS3ho2hZo4FVwfoy1vIk0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 h1:fV6ZwhNocDyBLK0dj+fg8ektcVegBBuEolpbTQyBNVE=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
@@ -241,10 +213,10 @@ gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1 h1:7CA8FTFz/gRfgqgpeKIBcervUn3xSyPUmr6B2WXJ7kg=
 gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1/go.mod h1:XyQVbO2k6YkOis7C2437jSit3SsDK72s7n7rsSHd+Gs=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2 h1:7koQfIKdy+I8UTetycgUqXWSDwpgv193Ka+qRsmBY8Q=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2/go.mod h1:LtdLGcnqToBH83WByAAi/wiwSFCArdFIUV/xxN4pcjA=
-modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.27.1 h1:9W30zRlYrefrDV2JE2O8VDtJ1yPGownxciz5rrbQZis=
-modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.27.1/go.mod h1:uVtb5OGqUKpoLWhqwNQo/8LwvoiEBLvZXIQ/SmO6mL0=
-modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.32.0 h1:hjG66bI/kqIPX1b2yT6fr/jt+QedtP2fqojG2VrFuVw=
-modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.32.0/go.mod h1:6F08EBCx5uQc38kMGl+0Nm0oWczoo1c7cgpzEry7Uc0=
+modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.27.3 h1:uNCgn37E5U09mTv1XgskEVUJ8ADKpmFMPxzGJ0TSo+U=
+modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.27.3/go.mod h1:3YjcbCqhoTTHPycJDRl2WZKKFj0nwcOIPBfEZK0Hdk8=
+modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.32.4 h1:L5OB8rpEX4ZsXEQwGozRfJyJSFHbbNVOoQ59DU9/KuU=
+modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.32.4/go.mod h1:lY7f+fiTDHfcv6YlRgSkxYfhs+UvOEEzj49jAn2TOx0=
 modernc.org/fileutil v1.4.0 h1:j6ZzNTftVS054gi281TyLjHPp6CPHr2KCxEXjEbD6SM=
 modernc.org/fileutil v1.4.0/go.mod h1:EqdKFDxiByqxLk8ozOxObDSfcVOv/54xDs/DUHdvCUU=
 modernc.org/gc/v2 v2.6.5 h1:nyqdV8q46KvTpZlsw66kWqwXRHdjIlJOhG6kxiV/9xI=
@@ -253,8 +225,8 @@ modernc.org/gc/v3 v3.1.2 h1:ZtDCnhonXSZexk/AYsegNRV1lJGgaNZJuKjJSWKyEqo=
 modernc.org/gc/v3 v3.1.2/go.mod h1:HFK/6AGESC7Ex+EZJhJ2Gni6cTaYpSMmU/cT9RmlfYY=
 modernc.org/goabi0 v0.2.0 h1:HvEowk7LxcPd0eq6mVOAEMai46V+i7Jrj13t4AzuNks=
 modernc.org/goabi0 v0.2.0/go.mod h1:CEFRnnJhKvWT1c1JTI3Avm+tgOWbkOu5oPA8eH8LnMI=
-modernc.org/libc v1.70.0 h1:U58NawXqXbgpZ/dcdS9kMshu08aiA6b7gusEusqzNkw=
-modernc.org/libc v1.70.0/go.mod h1:OVmxFGP1CI/Z4L3E0Q3Mf1PDE0BucwMkcXjjLntvHJo=
+modernc.org/libc v1.72.0 h1:IEu559v9a0XWjw0DPoVKtXpO2qt5NVLAnFaBbjq+n8c=
+modernc.org/libc v1.72.0/go.mod h1:tTU8DL8A+XLVkEY3x5E/tO7s2Q/q42EtnNWda/L5QhQ=
 modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 h1:GCZVGXdaN8gTqB1Mf/usp1Y/hSqgI2vAGGP4jZMCxOU=
 modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1/go.mod h1:4p5IwJITfppl0G4sUEDtCr4DthTaT47/N3aT6MhfgJg=
 modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 h1:o4QC8aMQzmcwCK3t3Ux/ZHmwFPzE6hf2Y5LbkRs+hbI=
@@ -263,9 +235,13 @@ modernc.org/opt v0.1.4 h1:2kNGMRiUjrp4LcaPuLY2PzUfqM/w9N23quVwhKt5Qm8=
 modernc.org/opt v0.1.4/go.mod h1:03fq9lsNfvkYSfxrfUhZCWPk1lm4cq4N+Bh//bEtgns=
 modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1 h1:+xyoGf15mM3NMlPDnFqrteY07klSFxLElE2PVuWIJ7w=
 modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1/go.mod h1:7ZI3a3REbai7gzCLcotuw9AC4VZVpYMjDzETGsSMqJE=
-modernc.org/sqlite v1.46.1 h1:eFJ2ShBLIEnUWlLy12raN0Z1plqmFX9Qe3rjQTKt6sU=
-modernc.org/sqlite v1.46.1/go.mod h1:CzbrU2lSB1DKUusvwGz7rqEKIq+NUd8GWuBBZDs9/nA=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.49.1 h1:dYGHTKcX1sJ+EQDnUzvz4TJ5GbuvhNJa8Fg6ElGx73U=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.49.1/go.mod h1:m0w8xhwYUVY3H6pSDwc3gkJ/irZT/0YEXwBlhaxQEew=
 modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1 h1:UneZBkQA+DX2Rp35KcM69cSsNES9ly8mQWD71HKlOA0=
 modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1/go.mod h1:EHkiggD70koQxjVdSBM3JKM7k6L0FbGE5eymy9i3B9A=
 modernc.org/token v1.1.0 h1:Xl7Ap9dKaEs5kLoOQeQmPWevfnk/DM5qcLcYlA8ys6Y=
 modernc.org/token v1.1.0/go.mod h1:UGzOrNV1mAFSEB63lOFHIpNRUVMvYTc6yu1SMY/XTDM=
+pgregory.net/rapid v1.2.0 h1:keKAYRcjm+e1F0oAuU5F5+YPAWcyxNNRK2wud503Gnk=
+pgregory.net/rapid v1.2.0/go.mod h1:PY5XlDGj0+V1FCq0o192FdRhpKHGTRIWBgqjDBTrq04=
+software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.7.1 h1:bxkUPRsvTPNRBZa4M/aSX4PyMOEbq3V8I6hbkG4F4Q8=
+software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.7.1/go.mod h1:Qiz0EyvDRJjjxGyUQa2cCNZn/wMyzrRJ/qcDXOQazLI=

backend/internal/api/handlers/access_list_handler_coverage_test.go

@@ -121,7 +121,6 @@ func TestAccessListHandler_List_DBError(t *testing.T) {
 	db, _ := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(":memory:"), &gorm.Config{})
 	// Don't migrate the table to cause error
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	router := gin.New()
 
 	handler := NewAccessListHandler(db)
@@ -138,7 +137,6 @@ func TestAccessListHandler_Get_DBError(t *testing.T) {
 	db, _ := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(":memory:"), &gorm.Config{})
 	// Don't migrate the table to cause error
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	router := gin.New()
 
 	handler := NewAccessListHandler(db)
@@ -157,7 +155,6 @@ func TestAccessListHandler_Delete_InternalError(t *testing.T) {
 	// Migrate AccessList but not ProxyHost to cause internal error on delete
 	_ = db.AutoMigrate(&models.AccessList{})
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	router := gin.New()
 
 	handler := NewAccessListHandler(db)
@@ -285,7 +282,6 @@ func TestAccessListHandler_TestIP_InternalError(t *testing.T) {
 	db, _ := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(":memory:"), &gorm.Config{})
 	// Don't migrate - this causes a "no such table" error which is an internal error
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	router := gin.New()
 
 	handler := NewAccessListHandler(db)

backend/internal/api/handlers/access_list_handler_test.go

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ func setupAccessListTestRouter(t *testing.T) (*gin.Engine, *gorm.DB) {
 	err = db.AutoMigrate(&models.AccessList{}, &models.ProxyHost{})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	router := gin.New()
 
 	handler := NewAccessListHandler(db)

backend/internal/api/handlers/additional_coverage_test.go

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ func setupImportCoverageDB(t *testing.T) *gorm.DB {
 }
 
 func TestImportHandler_Commit_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupImportCoverageDB(t)
 
 	h := NewImportHandler(db, "", t.TempDir(), "")
@@ -44,7 +43,6 @@ func TestImportHandler_Commit_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImportHandler_Commit_InvalidSessionUUID(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupImportCoverageDB(t)
 
 	h := NewImportHandler(db, "", t.TempDir(), "")
@@ -67,7 +65,6 @@ func TestImportHandler_Commit_InvalidSessionUUID(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImportHandler_Commit_SessionNotFound(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupImportCoverageDB(t)
 
 	h := NewImportHandler(db, "", t.TempDir(), "")
@@ -98,7 +95,6 @@ func setupRemoteServerCoverageDB2(t *testing.T) *gorm.DB {
 }
 
 func TestRemoteServerHandler_TestConnection_Unreachable(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupRemoteServerCoverageDB2(t)
 	svc := services.NewRemoteServerService(db)
 	h := NewRemoteServerHandler(svc, nil)
@@ -137,7 +133,6 @@ func setupSecurityCoverageDB3(t *testing.T) *gorm.DB {
 }
 
 func TestSecurityHandler_GetConfig_InternalError(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupSecurityCoverageDB3(t)
 
 	h := NewSecurityHandler(config.SecurityConfig{}, db, nil)
@@ -157,7 +152,6 @@ func TestSecurityHandler_GetConfig_InternalError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSecurityHandler_UpdateConfig_ApplyCaddyError(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupSecurityCoverageDB3(t)
 
 	// Create handler with nil caddy manager (ApplyConfig will be called but is nil)
@@ -181,7 +175,6 @@ func TestSecurityHandler_UpdateConfig_ApplyCaddyError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSecurityHandler_GenerateBreakGlass_Error(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupSecurityCoverageDB3(t)
 
 	h := NewSecurityHandler(config.SecurityConfig{}, db, nil)
@@ -201,7 +194,6 @@ func TestSecurityHandler_GenerateBreakGlass_Error(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSecurityHandler_ListDecisions_Error(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupSecurityCoverageDB3(t)
 
 	h := NewSecurityHandler(config.SecurityConfig{}, db, nil)
@@ -220,7 +212,6 @@ func TestSecurityHandler_ListDecisions_Error(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSecurityHandler_ListRuleSets_Error(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupSecurityCoverageDB3(t)
 
 	h := NewSecurityHandler(config.SecurityConfig{}, db, nil)
@@ -239,7 +230,6 @@ func TestSecurityHandler_ListRuleSets_Error(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSecurityHandler_UpsertRuleSet_Error(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupSecurityCoverageDB3(t)
 
 	h := NewSecurityHandler(config.SecurityConfig{}, db, nil)
@@ -265,7 +255,6 @@ func TestSecurityHandler_UpsertRuleSet_Error(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSecurityHandler_CreateDecision_LogError(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupSecurityCoverageDB3(t)
 
 	h := NewSecurityHandler(config.SecurityConfig{}, db, nil)
@@ -291,7 +280,6 @@ func TestSecurityHandler_CreateDecision_LogError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSecurityHandler_DeleteRuleSet_Error(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupSecurityCoverageDB3(t)
 
 	h := NewSecurityHandler(config.SecurityConfig{}, db, nil)
@@ -313,7 +301,6 @@ func TestSecurityHandler_DeleteRuleSet_Error(t *testing.T) {
 // CrowdSec ImportConfig additional coverage tests
 
 func TestCrowdsec_ImportConfig_EmptyUpload(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -344,7 +331,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_ImportConfig_EmptyUpload(t *testing.T) {
 // Backup Handler additional coverage tests
 
 func TestBackupHandler_List_DBError(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	// Use a non-writable temp dir to simulate errors
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
@@ -370,7 +356,6 @@ func TestBackupHandler_List_DBError(t *testing.T) {
 // ImportHandler UploadMulti coverage tests
 
 func TestImportHandler_UploadMulti_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupImportCoverageDB(t)
 
 	h := NewImportHandler(db, "", t.TempDir(), "")
@@ -387,7 +372,6 @@ func TestImportHandler_UploadMulti_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImportHandler_UploadMulti_MissingCaddyfile(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupImportCoverageDB(t)
 
 	h := NewImportHandler(db, "", t.TempDir(), "")
@@ -411,7 +395,6 @@ func TestImportHandler_UploadMulti_MissingCaddyfile(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImportHandler_UploadMulti_EmptyContent(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupImportCoverageDB(t)
 
 	h := NewImportHandler(db, "", t.TempDir(), "")
@@ -435,7 +418,6 @@ func TestImportHandler_UploadMulti_EmptyContent(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImportHandler_UploadMulti_PathTraversal(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupImportCoverageDB(t)
 
 	h := NewImportHandler(db, "", t.TempDir(), "")
@@ -481,7 +463,6 @@ func setupLogsDownloadTest(t *testing.T) (h *LogsHandler, logsDir string) {
 }
 
 func TestLogsHandler_Download_PathTraversal(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h, _ := setupLogsDownloadTest(t)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -496,7 +477,6 @@ func TestLogsHandler_Download_PathTraversal(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLogsHandler_Download_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h, _ := setupLogsDownloadTest(t)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -511,7 +491,6 @@ func TestLogsHandler_Download_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLogsHandler_Download_Success(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h, logsDir := setupLogsDownloadTest(t)
 
 	// Create a log file to download
@@ -531,7 +510,6 @@ func TestLogsHandler_Download_Success(t *testing.T) {
 // Import Handler Upload error tests
 
 func TestImportHandler_Upload_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupImportCoverageDB(t)
 
 	h := NewImportHandler(db, "", t.TempDir(), "")
@@ -548,7 +526,6 @@ func TestImportHandler_Upload_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImportHandler_Upload_EmptyContent(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupImportCoverageDB(t)
 
 	h := NewImportHandler(db, "", t.TempDir(), "")
@@ -571,7 +548,6 @@ func TestImportHandler_Upload_EmptyContent(t *testing.T) {
 // Additional Backup Handler tests
 
 func TestBackupHandler_List_ServiceError(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	// Create a temp dir with invalid permission for backup dir
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
@@ -608,7 +584,6 @@ func TestBackupHandler_List_ServiceError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBackupHandler_Delete_PathTraversal(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	dataDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "data")
@@ -639,7 +614,6 @@ func TestBackupHandler_Delete_PathTraversal(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBackupHandler_Delete_InternalError2(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	dataDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "data")
@@ -689,7 +663,6 @@ func TestBackupHandler_Delete_InternalError2(t *testing.T) {
 // Remote Server TestConnection error paths
 
 func TestRemoteServerHandler_TestConnection_NotFound2(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupRemoteServerCoverageDB2(t)
 	svc := services.NewRemoteServerService(db)
 	h := NewRemoteServerHandler(svc, nil)
@@ -704,7 +677,6 @@ func TestRemoteServerHandler_TestConnection_NotFound2(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRemoteServerHandler_TestConnectionCustom_Unreachable2(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupRemoteServerCoverageDB2(t)
 	svc := services.NewRemoteServerService(db)
 	h := NewRemoteServerHandler(svc, nil)
@@ -735,7 +707,6 @@ func setupAuthCoverageDB(t *testing.T) *gorm.DB {
 }
 
 func TestAuthHandler_Register_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupAuthCoverageDB(t)
 
 	cfg := config.Config{JWTSecret: "test-secret"}
@@ -755,7 +726,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Register_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
 // Health handler coverage
 
 func TestHealthHandler_Basic(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -771,7 +741,6 @@ func TestHealthHandler_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 // Backup Create error coverage
 
 func TestBackupHandler_Create_Error(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	// Use a path where database file doesn't exist
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
@@ -811,7 +780,6 @@ func setupSettingsCoverageDB(t *testing.T) *gorm.DB {
 }
 
 func TestSettingsHandler_GetSettings_Error(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupSettingsCoverageDB(t)
 
 	h := NewSettingsHandler(db)
@@ -830,7 +798,6 @@ func TestSettingsHandler_GetSettings_Error(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSettingsHandler_UpdateSetting_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupSettingsCoverageDB(t)
 
 	h := NewSettingsHandler(db)
@@ -849,7 +816,6 @@ func TestSettingsHandler_UpdateSetting_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
 // Additional remote server TestConnection tests
 
 func TestRemoteServerHandler_TestConnection_Reachable(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupRemoteServerCoverageDB2(t)
 	svc := services.NewRemoteServerService(db)
 	h := NewRemoteServerHandler(svc, nil)
@@ -873,7 +839,6 @@ func TestRemoteServerHandler_TestConnection_Reachable(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRemoteServerHandler_TestConnection_EmptyHost(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupRemoteServerCoverageDB2(t)
 	svc := services.NewRemoteServerService(db)
 	h := NewRemoteServerHandler(svc, nil)
@@ -900,7 +865,6 @@ func TestRemoteServerHandler_TestConnection_EmptyHost(t *testing.T) {
 // Additional UploadMulti test with valid Caddyfile content
 
 func TestImportHandler_UploadMulti_ValidCaddyfile(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupImportCoverageDB(t)
 
 	h := NewImportHandler(db, "", t.TempDir(), "")
@@ -925,7 +889,6 @@ func TestImportHandler_UploadMulti_ValidCaddyfile(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestImportHandler_UploadMulti_SubdirFile(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupImportCoverageDB(t)
 
 	h := NewImportHandler(db, "", t.TempDir(), "")

backend/internal/api/handlers/audit_log_handler_test.go

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ func setupAuditLogTestDB(t *testing.T) *gorm.DB {
 }
 
 func TestAuditLogHandler_List(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupAuditLogTestDB(t)
 	securityService := services.NewSecurityService(db)
 	defer securityService.Close()
@@ -130,7 +129,6 @@ func TestAuditLogHandler_List(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestAuditLogHandler_Get(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupAuditLogTestDB(t)
 	securityService := services.NewSecurityService(db)
 	defer securityService.Close()
@@ -198,7 +196,6 @@ func TestAuditLogHandler_Get(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestAuditLogHandler_ListByProvider(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupAuditLogTestDB(t)
 	securityService := services.NewSecurityService(db)
 	defer securityService.Close()
@@ -286,7 +283,6 @@ func TestAuditLogHandler_ListByProvider(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestAuditLogHandler_ListWithDateFilters(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupAuditLogTestDB(t)
 	securityService := services.NewSecurityService(db)
 	defer securityService.Close()
@@ -371,7 +367,6 @@ func TestAuditLogHandler_ListWithDateFilters(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestAuditLogHandler_ServiceErrors tests error handling when service layer fails
 func TestAuditLogHandler_ServiceErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupAuditLogTestDB(t)
 	securityService := services.NewSecurityService(db)
 	defer securityService.Close()
@@ -422,7 +417,6 @@ func TestAuditLogHandler_ServiceErrors(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestAuditLogHandler_List_PaginationBoundaryEdgeCases tests pagination boundary edge cases
 func TestAuditLogHandler_List_PaginationBoundaryEdgeCases(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupAuditLogTestDB(t)
 	securityService := services.NewSecurityService(db)
 	defer securityService.Close()
@@ -513,7 +507,6 @@ func TestAuditLogHandler_List_PaginationBoundaryEdgeCases(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestAuditLogHandler_ListByProvider_PaginationBoundaryEdgeCases tests pagination boundary edge cases for provider list
 func TestAuditLogHandler_ListByProvider_PaginationBoundaryEdgeCases(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupAuditLogTestDB(t)
 	securityService := services.NewSecurityService(db)
 	defer securityService.Close()
@@ -583,7 +576,6 @@ func TestAuditLogHandler_ListByProvider_PaginationBoundaryEdgeCases(t *testing.T
 
 // TestAuditLogHandler_List_InvalidDateFormats tests handling of invalid date formats
 func TestAuditLogHandler_List_InvalidDateFormats(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupAuditLogTestDB(t)
 	securityService := services.NewSecurityService(db)
 	defer securityService.Close()
@@ -624,7 +616,6 @@ func TestAuditLogHandler_List_InvalidDateFormats(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestAuditLogHandler_Get_InternalError tests Get when service returns internal error
 func TestAuditLogHandler_Get_InternalError(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	// Create a fresh DB and immediately close it to simulate internal error
 	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(":memory:"), &gorm.Config{})

backend/internal/api/handlers/auth_handler.go

@@ -126,19 +126,16 @@ func isLocalRequest(c *gin.Context) bool {
 }
 
 // setSecureCookie sets an auth cookie with security best practices
-// - HttpOnly: prevents JavaScript access (XSS protection)
-// - Secure: true for HTTPS; false for local/private network HTTP requests
-// - SameSite: Lax for any local/private-network request (regardless of scheme),
-//   Strict otherwise (public HTTPS only)
+//   - HttpOnly: prevents JavaScript access (XSS protection)
+//   - Secure: always true (all major browsers honour Secure on localhost HTTP;
+//     HTTP-on-private-IP without TLS is an unsupported deployment)
+//   - SameSite: Lax for any local/private-network request (regardless of scheme),
+//     Strict otherwise (public HTTPS only)
 func setSecureCookie(c *gin.Context, name, value string, maxAge int) {
 	scheme := requestScheme(c)
-	secure := true
 	sameSite := http.SameSiteStrictMode
 	if scheme != "https" {
 		sameSite = http.SameSiteLaxMode
-		if isLocalRequest(c) {
-			secure = false
-		}
 	}
 
 	if isLocalRequest(c) {
@@ -149,14 +146,13 @@ func setSecureCookie(c *gin.Context, name, value string, maxAge int) {
 	domain := ""
 
 	c.SetSameSite(sameSite)
-	// secure is intentionally false for local/private network HTTP requests; always true for external or HTTPS requests.
-	c.SetCookie( // codeql[go/cookie-secure-not-set]
+	c.SetCookie(
 		name,   // name
 		value,  // value
 		maxAge, // maxAge in seconds
 		"/",    // path
 		domain, // domain (empty = current host)
-		secure, // secure
+		true,   // secure
 		true,   // httpOnly (no JS access)
 	)
 }

backend/internal/api/handlers/auth_handler_test.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
-	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/api/middleware"
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Login(t *testing.T) {
 	_ = user.SetPassword("password123")
 	db.Create(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.POST("/login", handler.Login)
 
@@ -65,9 +63,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Login(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTPS_Strict(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
-	_ = os.Setenv("CHARON_ENV", "production")
-	defer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv("CHARON_ENV") }()
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
 	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "https://example.com/login", http.NoBody)
@@ -83,7 +78,6 @@ func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTPS_Strict(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTP_Lax(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
 	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "http://192.0.2.10/login", http.NoBody)
@@ -100,7 +94,6 @@ func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTP_Lax(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTP_Loopback_Insecure(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
 	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "http://127.0.0.1:8080/login", http.NoBody)
@@ -112,15 +105,12 @@ func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTP_Loopback_Insecure(t *testing.T) {
 	cookies := recorder.Result().Cookies()
 	require.Len(t, cookies, 1)
 	cookie := cookies[0]
-	assert.False(t, cookie.Secure)
+	assert.True(t, cookie.Secure)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.SameSiteLaxMode, cookie.SameSite)
 }
 
 func TestSetSecureCookie_ForwardedHTTPS_LocalhostForcesInsecure(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
-	_ = os.Setenv("CHARON_ENV", "production")
-	defer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv("CHARON_ENV") }()
 
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
@@ -139,9 +129,6 @@ func TestSetSecureCookie_ForwardedHTTPS_LocalhostForcesInsecure(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSetSecureCookie_ForwardedHTTPS_LoopbackForcesInsecure(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
-	_ = os.Setenv("CHARON_ENV", "production")
-	defer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv("CHARON_ENV") }()
 
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
@@ -160,9 +147,6 @@ func TestSetSecureCookie_ForwardedHTTPS_LoopbackForcesInsecure(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSetSecureCookie_ForwardedHostLocalhostForcesInsecure(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
-	_ = os.Setenv("CHARON_ENV", "production")
-	defer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv("CHARON_ENV") }()
 
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
@@ -182,9 +166,6 @@ func TestSetSecureCookie_ForwardedHostLocalhostForcesInsecure(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSetSecureCookie_OriginLoopbackForcesInsecure(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
-	_ = os.Setenv("CHARON_ENV", "production")
-	defer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv("CHARON_ENV") }()
 
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
@@ -204,7 +185,6 @@ func TestSetSecureCookie_OriginLoopbackForcesInsecure(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTP_PrivateIP_Insecure(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
 	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "http://192.168.1.50:8080/login", http.NoBody)
@@ -216,13 +196,12 @@ func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTP_PrivateIP_Insecure(t *testing.T) {
 	cookies := recorder.Result().Cookies()
 	require.Len(t, cookies, 1)
 	cookie := cookies[0]
-	assert.False(t, cookie.Secure)
+	assert.True(t, cookie.Secure)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.SameSiteLaxMode, cookie.SameSite)
 }
 
 func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTP_10Network_Insecure(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
 	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "http://10.0.0.5:8080/login", http.NoBody)
@@ -234,13 +213,12 @@ func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTP_10Network_Insecure(t *testing.T) {
 	cookies := recorder.Result().Cookies()
 	require.Len(t, cookies, 1)
 	cookie := cookies[0]
-	assert.False(t, cookie.Secure)
+	assert.True(t, cookie.Secure)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.SameSiteLaxMode, cookie.SameSite)
 }
 
 func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTP_172Network_Insecure(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
 	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "http://172.16.0.1:8080/login", http.NoBody)
@@ -252,13 +230,12 @@ func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTP_172Network_Insecure(t *testing.T) {
 	cookies := recorder.Result().Cookies()
 	require.Len(t, cookies, 1)
 	cookie := cookies[0]
-	assert.False(t, cookie.Secure)
+	assert.True(t, cookie.Secure)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.SameSiteLaxMode, cookie.SameSite)
 }
 
 func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTPS_PrivateIP_Secure(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
 	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "https://192.168.1.50:8080/login", http.NoBody)
@@ -276,7 +253,6 @@ func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTPS_PrivateIP_Secure(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTP_IPv6ULA_Insecure(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
 	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "http://[fd12::1]:8080/login", http.NoBody)
@@ -288,13 +264,12 @@ func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTP_IPv6ULA_Insecure(t *testing.T) {
 	cookies := recorder.Result().Cookies()
 	require.Len(t, cookies, 1)
 	cookie := cookies[0]
-	assert.False(t, cookie.Secure)
+	assert.True(t, cookie.Secure)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.SameSiteLaxMode, cookie.SameSite)
 }
 
 func TestSetSecureCookie_HTTP_PublicIP_Secure(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
 	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "http://203.0.113.5:8080/login", http.NoBody)
@@ -322,7 +297,6 @@ func TestIsProduction(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRequestScheme(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	t.Run("forwarded proto first value wins", func(t *testing.T) {
 		recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -393,7 +367,6 @@ func TestHostHelpers(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestIsLocalRequest(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	t.Run("forwarded host list includes localhost", func(t *testing.T) {
 		recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -428,7 +401,6 @@ func TestIsLocalRequest(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestClearSecureCookie(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
 	ctx.Request = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "http://example.com/logout", http.NoBody)
@@ -439,12 +411,12 @@ func TestClearSecureCookie(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, cookies, 1)
 	assert.Equal(t, "auth_token", cookies[0].Name)
 	assert.Equal(t, -1, cookies[0].MaxAge)
+	assert.True(t, cookies[0].Secure)
 }
 
 func TestAuthHandler_Login_Errors(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandler(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.POST("/login", handler.Login)
 
@@ -472,7 +444,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Register(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandler(t)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.POST("/register", handler.Register)
 
@@ -496,7 +467,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Register_Duplicate(t *testing.T) {
 	handler, db := setupAuthHandler(t)
 	db.Create(&models.User{UUID: uuid.NewString(), Email: "dup@example.com", Name: "Dup"})
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.POST("/register", handler.Register)
 
@@ -518,7 +488,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Logout(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandler(t)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.POST("/logout", handler.Logout)
 
@@ -547,7 +516,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Me(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	db.Create(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	// Simulate middleware
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -573,7 +541,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Me(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAuthHandler_Me_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandler(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", uint(999)) // Non-existent ID
@@ -601,7 +568,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_ChangePassword(t *testing.T) {
 	_ = user.SetPassword("oldpassword")
 	db.Create(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	// Simulate middleware
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -636,7 +602,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_ChangePassword_WrongOld(t *testing.T) {
 	_ = user.SetPassword("correct")
 	db.Create(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", user.ID)
@@ -660,7 +625,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_ChangePassword_WrongOld(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAuthHandler_ChangePassword_Errors(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandler(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.POST("/change-password", handler.ChangePassword)
 
@@ -707,7 +671,6 @@ func TestNewAuthHandlerWithDB(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAuthHandler_Verify_NoCookie(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandlerWithDB(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/verify", handler.Verify)
 
@@ -722,7 +685,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Verify_NoCookie(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAuthHandler_Verify_InvalidToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandlerWithDB(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/verify", handler.Verify)
 
@@ -752,7 +714,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Verify_ValidToken(t *testing.T) {
 	// Generate token
 	token, _ := handler.authService.GenerateToken(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/verify", handler.Verify)
 
@@ -782,7 +743,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Verify_BearerToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 	token, _ := handler.authService.GenerateToken(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/verify", handler.Verify)
 
@@ -812,7 +772,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Verify_DisabledUser(t *testing.T) {
 
 	token, _ := handler.authService.GenerateToken(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/verify", handler.Verify)
 
@@ -852,7 +811,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Verify_ForwardAuthDenied(t *testing.T) {
 
 	token, _ := handler.authService.GenerateToken(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/verify", handler.Verify)
 
@@ -868,7 +826,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Verify_ForwardAuthDenied(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAuthHandler_VerifyStatus_NotAuthenticated(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandlerWithDB(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/status", handler.VerifyStatus)
 
@@ -885,7 +842,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_VerifyStatus_NotAuthenticated(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAuthHandler_VerifyStatus_InvalidToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandlerWithDB(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/status", handler.VerifyStatus)
 
@@ -916,7 +872,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_VerifyStatus_Authenticated(t *testing.T) {
 
 	token, _ := handler.authService.GenerateToken(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/status", handler.VerifyStatus)
 
@@ -950,7 +905,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_VerifyStatus_DisabledUser(t *testing.T) {
 
 	token, _ := handler.authService.GenerateToken(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/status", handler.VerifyStatus)
 
@@ -968,7 +922,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_VerifyStatus_DisabledUser(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAuthHandler_GetAccessibleHosts_Unauthorized(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandlerWithDB(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/hosts", handler.GetAccessibleHosts)
 
@@ -999,7 +952,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_GetAccessibleHosts_AllowAll(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	db.Create(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", user.ID)
@@ -1036,7 +988,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_GetAccessibleHosts_DenyAll(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	db.Create(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", user.ID)
@@ -1076,7 +1027,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_GetAccessibleHosts_PermittedHosts(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	db.Create(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", user.ID)
@@ -1099,7 +1049,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_GetAccessibleHosts_UserNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandlerWithDB(t)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", uint(99999))
@@ -1117,7 +1066,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_GetAccessibleHosts_UserNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAuthHandler_CheckHostAccess_Unauthorized(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandlerWithDB(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/hosts/:hostId/access", handler.CheckHostAccess)
 
@@ -1135,7 +1083,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_CheckHostAccess_InvalidHostID(t *testing.T) {
 	user := &models.User{UUID: uuid.NewString(), Email: "check@example.com", Enabled: true}
 	db.Create(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", user.ID)
@@ -1165,7 +1112,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_CheckHostAccess_Allowed(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	db.Create(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", user.ID)
@@ -1198,7 +1144,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_CheckHostAccess_Denied(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	db.Create(user)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", user.ID)
@@ -1275,7 +1220,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Me_RequiresUserContext(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandler(t)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/me", handler.Me)
 
@@ -1359,7 +1303,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Refresh(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, user.SetPassword("password123"))
 	require.NoError(t, db.Create(user).Error)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.POST("/refresh", func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", user.ID)
@@ -1380,7 +1323,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Refresh_Unauthorized(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandler(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.POST("/refresh", handler.Refresh)
 
@@ -1395,7 +1337,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Register_BadRequest(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandler(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.POST("/register", handler.Register)
 
@@ -1411,7 +1352,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Logout_InvalidateSessionsFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandler(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", uint(999999))
@@ -1455,7 +1395,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_Verify_UsesOriginalHostFallback(t *testing.T) {
 	token, err := handler.authService.GenerateToken(user)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.GET("/verify", handler.Verify)
 
@@ -1473,7 +1412,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_GetAccessibleHosts_DatabaseUnavailable(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandler(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", uint(1))
@@ -1493,7 +1431,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_CheckHostAccess_DatabaseUnavailable(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandler(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", uint(1))
@@ -1513,7 +1450,6 @@ func TestAuthHandler_CheckHostAccess_UserNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	handler, _ := setupAuthHandlerWithDB(t)
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("userID", uint(999999))

backend/internal/api/handlers/backup_handler_sanitize_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestBackupHandlerSanitizesFilename(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	// prepare a fake "database"
 	dbPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "db.sqlite")

backend/internal/api/handlers/cerberus_logs_ws_test.go

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 }
 
 // TestCerberusLogsHandler_NewHandler verifies handler creation.

backend/internal/api/handlers/certificate_handler.go

@@ -2,14 +2,18 @@ package handlers
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/logger"
+	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/models"
 	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/services"
 	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/util"
 )
@@ -28,9 +32,10 @@ type CertificateHandler struct {
 	service             *services.CertificateService
 	backupService       BackupServiceInterface
 	notificationService *services.NotificationService
+	db                  *gorm.DB
 	// Rate limiting for notifications
 	notificationMu       sync.Mutex
-	lastNotificationTime map[uint]time.Time
+	lastNotificationTime map[string]time.Time
 }
 
 func NewCertificateHandler(service *services.CertificateService, backupService BackupServiceInterface, ns *services.NotificationService) *CertificateHandler {
@@ -38,10 +43,18 @@ func NewCertificateHandler(service *services.CertificateService, backupService B
 		service:              service,
 		backupService:        backupService,
 		notificationService:  ns,
-		lastNotificationTime: make(map[uint]time.Time),
+		lastNotificationTime: make(map[string]time.Time),
 	}
 }
 
+// SetDB sets the database connection for user lookups (export re-auth).
+func (h *CertificateHandler) SetDB(db *gorm.DB) {
+	h.db = db
+}
+
+// maxFileSize is 1MB for certificate file uploads.
+const maxFileSize = 1 << 20
+
 func (h *CertificateHandler) List(c *gin.Context) {
 	certs, err := h.service.ListCertificates()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -53,34 +66,41 @@ func (h *CertificateHandler) List(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, certs)
 }
 
-type UploadCertificateRequest struct {
-	Name        string `form:"name" binding:"required"`
-	Certificate string `form:"certificate"` // PEM content
-	PrivateKey  string `form:"private_key"` // PEM content
+func (h *CertificateHandler) Get(c *gin.Context) {
+	certUUID := c.Param("uuid")
+	if certUUID == "" {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "uuid is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	detail, err := h.service.GetCertificate(certUUID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == services.ErrCertNotFound {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "certificate not found"})
+			return
+		}
+		logger.Log().WithError(err).Error("failed to get certificate")
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to get certificate"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, detail)
 }
 
 func (h *CertificateHandler) Upload(c *gin.Context) {
-	// Handle multipart form
 	name := c.PostForm("name")
 	if name == "" {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "name is required"})
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Read files
+	// Read certificate file
 	certFile, err := c.FormFile("certificate_file")
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "certificate_file is required"})
 		return
 	}
 
-	keyFile, err := c.FormFile("key_file")
-	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "key_file is required"})
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Open and read content
 	certSrc, err := certFile.Open()
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to open cert file"})
@@ -92,35 +112,75 @@ func (h *CertificateHandler) Upload(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	keySrc, err := keyFile.Open()
+	certBytes, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(certSrc, maxFileSize))
 	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to open key file"})
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "failed to read certificate file"})
 		return
 	}
-	defer func() {
-		if errClose := keySrc.Close(); errClose != nil {
-			logger.Log().WithError(errClose).Warn("failed to close key file")
+	certPEM := string(certBytes)
+
+	// Read private key file (optional — format detection is content-based in the service)
+	var keyPEM string
+	keyFile, err := c.FormFile("key_file")
+	if err == nil {
+		keySrc, errOpen := keyFile.Open()
+		if errOpen != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to open key file"})
+			return
 		}
-	}()
+		defer func() {
+			if errClose := keySrc.Close(); errClose != nil {
+				logger.Log().WithError(errClose).Warn("failed to close key file")
+			}
+		}()
 
-	// Read to string
-	// Limit size to avoid DoS (e.g. 1MB)
-	certBytes := make([]byte, 1024*1024)
-	n, _ := certSrc.Read(certBytes)
-	certPEM := string(certBytes[:n])
+		keyBytes, errRead := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(keySrc, maxFileSize))
+		if errRead != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "failed to read key file"})
+			return
+		}
+		keyPEM = string(keyBytes)
+	}
 
-	keyBytes := make([]byte, 1024*1024)
-	n, _ = keySrc.Read(keyBytes)
-	keyPEM := string(keyBytes[:n])
+	// Read chain file (optional)
+	var chainPEM string
+	chainFile, err := c.FormFile("chain_file")
+	if err == nil {
+		chainSrc, errOpen := chainFile.Open()
+		if errOpen != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to open chain file"})
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() {
+			if errClose := chainSrc.Close(); errClose != nil {
+				logger.Log().WithError(errClose).Warn("failed to close chain file")
+			}
+		}()
 
-	cert, err := h.service.UploadCertificate(name, certPEM, keyPEM)
+		chainBytes, errRead := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(chainSrc, maxFileSize))
+		if errRead != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "failed to read chain file"})
+			return
+		}
+		chainPEM = string(chainBytes)
+	}
+
+	// Require key_file for non-PFX formats (PFX embeds the private key)
+	if keyPEM == "" {
+		format := services.DetectFormat(certBytes)
+		if format != services.FormatPFX {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "key_file is required for PEM/DER certificate uploads"})
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	cert, err := h.service.UploadCertificate(name, certPEM, keyPEM, chainPEM)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Log().WithError(err).Error("failed to upload certificate")
-		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "failed to upload certificate"})
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Send Notification
 	if h.notificationService != nil {
 		h.notificationService.SendExternal(c.Request.Context(),
 			"cert",
@@ -137,24 +197,255 @@ func (h *CertificateHandler) Upload(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, cert)
 }
 
+type updateCertificateRequest struct {
+	Name string `json:"name" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+func (h *CertificateHandler) Update(c *gin.Context) {
+	certUUID := c.Param("uuid")
+	if certUUID == "" {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "uuid is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req updateCertificateRequest
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "name is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	info, err := h.service.UpdateCertificate(certUUID, req.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == services.ErrCertNotFound {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "certificate not found"})
+			return
+		}
+		logger.Log().WithError(err).Error("failed to update certificate")
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to update certificate"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, info)
+}
+
+func (h *CertificateHandler) Validate(c *gin.Context) {
+	// Read certificate file
+	certFile, err := c.FormFile("certificate_file")
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "certificate_file is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	certSrc, err := certFile.Open()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to open cert file"})
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := certSrc.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			logger.Log().WithError(errClose).Warn("failed to close certificate file")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	certBytes, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(certSrc, maxFileSize))
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "failed to read certificate file"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Read optional key file
+	var keyPEM string
+	keyFile, err := c.FormFile("key_file")
+	if err == nil {
+		keySrc, errOpen := keyFile.Open()
+		if errOpen != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to open key file"})
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() {
+			if errClose := keySrc.Close(); errClose != nil {
+				logger.Log().WithError(errClose).Warn("failed to close key file")
+			}
+		}()
+
+		keyBytes, errRead := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(keySrc, maxFileSize))
+		if errRead != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "failed to read key file"})
+			return
+		}
+		keyPEM = string(keyBytes)
+	}
+
+	// Read optional chain file
+	var chainPEM string
+	chainFile, err := c.FormFile("chain_file")
+	if err == nil {
+		chainSrc, errOpen := chainFile.Open()
+		if errOpen != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to open chain file"})
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() {
+			if errClose := chainSrc.Close(); errClose != nil {
+				logger.Log().WithError(errClose).Warn("failed to close chain file")
+			}
+		}()
+
+		chainBytes, errRead := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(chainSrc, maxFileSize))
+		if errRead != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "failed to read chain file"})
+			return
+		}
+		chainPEM = string(chainBytes)
+	}
+
+	result, err := h.service.ValidateCertificate(string(certBytes), keyPEM, chainPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Log().WithError(err).Error("failed to validate certificate")
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error":  "validation failed",
+			"errors": []string{err.Error()},
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, result)
+}
+
+type exportCertificateRequest struct {
+	Format      string `json:"format" binding:"required"`
+	IncludeKey  bool   `json:"include_key"`
+	PFXPassword string `json:"pfx_password"`
+	Password    string `json:"password"`
+}
+
+func (h *CertificateHandler) Export(c *gin.Context) {
+	certUUID := c.Param("uuid")
+	if certUUID == "" {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "uuid is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req exportCertificateRequest
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "format is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Re-authenticate when requesting private key
+	if req.IncludeKey {
+		if req.Password == "" {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "password required to export private key"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		userVal, exists := c.Get("user")
+		if !exists || h.db == nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "authentication required"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		userMap, ok := userVal.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "invalid session"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		userID, ok := userMap["id"]
+		if !ok {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "invalid session"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		var user models.User
+		if err := h.db.First(&user, userID).Error; err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "user not found"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		if !user.CheckPassword(req.Password) {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "incorrect password"})
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	data, filename, err := h.service.ExportCertificate(certUUID, req.Format, req.IncludeKey, req.PFXPassword)
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == services.ErrCertNotFound {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "certificate not found"})
+			return
+		}
+		logger.Log().WithError(fmt.Errorf("%s", util.SanitizeForLog(err.Error()))).Error("failed to export certificate")
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to export certificate"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Header("Content-Disposition", fmt.Sprintf("attachment; filename=%q", filename))
+	c.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/octet-stream", data)
+}
+
 func (h *CertificateHandler) Delete(c *gin.Context) {
-	idStr := c.Param("id")
-	id, err := strconv.ParseUint(idStr, 10, 32)
-	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid id"})
+	idStr := c.Param("uuid")
+
+	// Support both numeric ID (legacy) and UUID
+	if numID, err := strconv.ParseUint(idStr, 10, 32); err == nil && numID > 0 {
+		inUse, err := h.service.IsCertificateInUse(uint(numID))
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Log().WithError(err).WithField("certificate_id", numID).Error("failed to check certificate usage")
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to check certificate usage"})
+			return
+		}
+		if inUse {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{"error": "certificate is in use by one or more proxy hosts"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		if h.backupService != nil {
+			if availableSpace, err := h.backupService.GetAvailableSpace(); err != nil {
+				logger.Log().WithError(err).Warn("unable to check disk space, proceeding with backup")
+			} else if availableSpace < 100*1024*1024 {
+				logger.Log().WithField("available_bytes", availableSpace).Warn("low disk space, skipping backup")
+				c.JSON(http.StatusInsufficientStorage, gin.H{"error": "insufficient disk space for backup"})
+				return
+			}
+
+			if _, err := h.backupService.CreateBackup(); err != nil {
+				logger.Log().WithError(err).Error("failed to create backup before deletion")
+				c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to create backup before deletion"})
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := h.service.DeleteCertificateByID(uint(numID)); err != nil {
+			if err == services.ErrCertInUse {
+				c.JSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{"error": "certificate is in use by one or more proxy hosts"})
+				return
+			}
+			logger.Log().WithError(err).WithField("certificate_id", numID).Error("failed to delete certificate")
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to delete certificate"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		h.sendDeleteNotification(c, fmt.Sprintf("%d", numID))
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "certificate deleted"})
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Validate ID range
-	if id == 0 {
+	// UUID path - parse to validate format and produce a canonical, safe string
+	parsedUUID, parseErr := uuid.Parse(idStr)
+	if parseErr != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid id"})
 		return
 	}
+	certUUID := parsedUUID.String()
 
-	// Check if certificate is in use before proceeding
-	inUse, err := h.service.IsCertificateInUse(uint(id))
+	inUse, err := h.service.IsCertificateInUseByUUID(certUUID)
 	if err != nil {
-		logger.Log().WithError(err).WithField("certificate_id", id).Error("failed to check certificate usage")
+		if err == services.ErrCertNotFound {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "certificate not found"})
+			return
+		}
+		logger.Log().WithError(err).WithField("certificate_uuid", util.SanitizeForLog(certUUID)).Error("failed to check certificate usage")
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to check certificate usage"})
 		return
 	}
@@ -163,13 +454,10 @@ func (h *CertificateHandler) Delete(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Create backup before deletion
 	if h.backupService != nil {
-		// Check disk space before backup (require at least 100MB free)
 		if availableSpace, err := h.backupService.GetAvailableSpace(); err != nil {
 			logger.Log().WithError(err).Warn("unable to check disk space, proceeding with backup")
 		} else if availableSpace < 100*1024*1024 {
-			logger.Log().WithField("available_bytes", availableSpace).Warn("low disk space, skipping backup")
 			c.JSON(http.StatusInsufficientStorage, gin.H{"error": "insufficient disk space for backup"})
 			return
 		}
@@ -181,38 +469,62 @@ func (h *CertificateHandler) Delete(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Proceed with deletion
-	if err := h.service.DeleteCertificate(uint(id)); err != nil {
+	if err := h.service.DeleteCertificate(certUUID); err != nil {
 		if err == services.ErrCertInUse {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{"error": "certificate is in use by one or more proxy hosts"})
 			return
 		}
-		logger.Log().WithError(err).WithField("certificate_id", id).Error("failed to delete certificate")
+		if err == services.ErrCertNotFound {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "certificate not found"})
+			return
+		}
+		logger.Log().WithError(err).WithField("certificate_uuid", util.SanitizeForLog(certUUID)).Error("failed to delete certificate")
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to delete certificate"})
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Send Notification with rate limiting (1 per cert per 10 seconds)
-	if h.notificationService != nil {
-		h.notificationMu.Lock()
-		lastTime, exists := h.lastNotificationTime[uint(id)]
-		if !exists || time.Since(lastTime) > 10*time.Second {
-			h.lastNotificationTime[uint(id)] = time.Now()
-			h.notificationMu.Unlock()
-			h.notificationService.SendExternal(c.Request.Context(),
-				"cert",
-				"Certificate Deleted",
-				fmt.Sprintf("Certificate ID %d deleted", id),
-				map[string]any{
-					"ID":     id,
-					"Action": "deleted",
-				},
-			)
-		} else {
-			h.notificationMu.Unlock()
-			logger.Log().WithField("certificate_id", id).Debug("notification rate limited")
-		}
-	}
-
+	h.sendDeleteNotification(c, certUUID)
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "certificate deleted"})
 }
+
+func (h *CertificateHandler) sendDeleteNotification(c *gin.Context, certRef string) {
+	if h.notificationService == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Re-validate to produce a CodeQL-safe value (breaks taint from user input).
+	// Callers already pass validated data; this is defense-in-depth.
+	safeRef := sanitizeCertRef(certRef)
+
+	h.notificationMu.Lock()
+	lastTime, exists := h.lastNotificationTime[certRef]
+	if exists && time.Since(lastTime) < 10*time.Second {
+		h.notificationMu.Unlock()
+		logger.Log().WithField("certificate_ref", safeRef).Debug("notification rate limited")
+		return
+	}
+	h.lastNotificationTime[certRef] = time.Now()
+	h.notificationMu.Unlock()
+
+	h.notificationService.SendExternal(c.Request.Context(),
+		"cert",
+		"Certificate Deleted",
+		fmt.Sprintf("Certificate %s deleted", safeRef),
+		map[string]any{
+			"Ref":    safeRef,
+			"Action": "deleted",
+		},
+	)
+}
+
+// sanitizeCertRef re-validates a certificate reference (UUID or numeric ID)
+// and returns a safe string representation. Returns a placeholder if invalid.
+func sanitizeCertRef(ref string) string {
+	if parsed, err := uuid.Parse(ref); err == nil {
+		return parsed.String()
+	}
+	if n, err := strconv.ParseUint(ref, 10, 64); err == nil {
+		return strconv.FormatUint(n, 10)
+	}
+	return "[invalid-ref]"
+}

backend/internal/api/handlers/certificate_handler_coverage_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 package handlers
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"mime/multipart"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/models"
 	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/services"
@@ -16,10 +22,9 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_List_DBError(t *testing.T) {
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	// Don't migrate to cause error
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
 	r.GET("/api/certificates", h.List)
 
@@ -33,12 +38,11 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_List_DBError(t *testing.T) {
 func TestCertificateHandler_Delete_InvalidID(t *testing.T) {
 	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/invalid", http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -50,12 +54,11 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Delete_InvalidID(t *testing.T) {
 func TestCertificateHandler_Delete_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/9999", http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -71,14 +74,13 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Delete_NoBackupService(t *testing.T) {
 	cert := models.SSLCertificate{UUID: "test-cert-no-backup", Name: "no-backup-cert", Provider: "custom", Domains: "nobackup.example.com"}
 	db.Create(&cert)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 
 	// No backup service
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+toStr(cert.ID), http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -97,12 +99,11 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Delete_CheckUsageDBError(t *testing.T) {
 	cert := models.SSLCertificate{UUID: "test-cert-db-err", Name: "db-error-cert", Provider: "custom", Domains: "dberr.example.com"}
 	db.Create(&cert)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+toStr(cert.ID), http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -118,10 +119,9 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_List_WithCertificates(t *testing.T) {
 	db.Create(&models.SSLCertificate{UUID: "cert-1", Name: "Cert 1", Provider: "custom", Domains: "one.example.com"})
 	db.Create(&models.SSLCertificate{UUID: "cert-2", Name: "Cert 2", Provider: "custom", Domains: "two.example.com"})
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
 	r.GET("/api/certificates", h.List)
 
@@ -139,12 +139,11 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Delete_ZeroID(t *testing.T) {
 	// DELETE /api/certificates/0 should return 400 Bad Request
 	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/0", http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -173,11 +172,10 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_DBSetupOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected proxy_hosts table to exist before service initialization")
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
 
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
 	r.GET("/api/certificates", h.List)
 
@@ -187,3 +185,395 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_DBSetupOrdering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
 }
+
+// --- Get handler tests ---
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Get_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+	expiry := time.Now().Add(30 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	db.Create(&models.SSLCertificate{UUID: "get-uuid-1", Name: "Get Test", Provider: "custom", Domains: "get.example.com", ExpiresAt: &expiry})
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.GET("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Get)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/certificates/get-uuid-1", http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "get-uuid-1")
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "Get Test")
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Get_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.GET("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Get)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/certificates/nonexistent-uuid", http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Get_EmptyUUID(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	// Route with empty uuid param won't match, test the handler directly with blank uuid
+	r.GET("/api/certificates/", h.Get)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/certificates/", http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	// Empty uuid should return 400 or 404 depending on router handling
+	assert.True(t, w.Code == http.StatusBadRequest || w.Code == http.StatusNotFound)
+}
+
+// --- SetDB test ---
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_SetDB(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	assert.Nil(t, h.db)
+
+	h.SetDB(db)
+	assert.NotNil(t, h.db)
+}
+
+// --- Update handler tests ---
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Update_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+	expiry := time.Now().Add(30 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	db.Create(&models.SSLCertificate{UUID: "upd-uuid-1", Name: "Old Name", Provider: "custom", Domains: "update.example.com", ExpiresAt: &expiry})
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.PUT("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Update)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"name": "New Name"})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "/api/certificates/upd-uuid-1", bytes.NewBuffer(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "New Name")
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Update_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.PUT("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Update)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"name": "New Name"})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "/api/certificates/nonexistent-uuid", bytes.NewBuffer(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Update_BadJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.PUT("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Update)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "/api/certificates/some-uuid", strings.NewReader("{invalid"))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Update_MissingName(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.PUT("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Update)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "/api/certificates/some-uuid", bytes.NewBuffer(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
+}
+
+// --- Validate handler tests ---
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Validate_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/validate", h.Validate)
+
+	certPEM, keyPEM, err := generateSelfSignedCertPEM()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&body)
+	part, _ := writer.CreateFormFile("certificate_file", "cert.pem")
+	_, _ = part.Write([]byte(certPEM))
+	part2, _ := writer.CreateFormFile("key_file", "key.pem")
+	_, _ = part2.Write([]byte(keyPEM))
+	_ = writer.Close()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/validate", &body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "valid")
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Validate_NoCertFile(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/validate", h.Validate)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/validate", strings.NewReader(""))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Validate_CertOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/validate", h.Validate)
+
+	certPEM, _, err := generateSelfSignedCertPEM()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&body)
+	part, _ := writer.CreateFormFile("certificate_file", "cert.pem")
+	_, _ = part.Write([]byte(certPEM))
+	_ = writer.Close()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/validate", &body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+}
+
+// --- Export handler tests ---
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Export_EmptyUUID(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"format": "pem"})
+	// Use a route that provides :uuid param as empty would not match normal routing
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates//export", bytes.NewBuffer(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	// Router won't match empty uuid, so 404 or redirect
+	assert.True(t, w.Code == http.StatusNotFound || w.Code == http.StatusMovedPermanently || w.Code == http.StatusBadRequest)
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Export_BadJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/some-uuid/export", strings.NewReader("{bad"))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Export_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"format": "pem"})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/nonexistent-uuid/export", bytes.NewBuffer(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Export_PEMSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+	certPEM, _, err := generateSelfSignedCertPEM()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cert := models.SSLCertificate{UUID: "export-uuid-1", Name: "Export Test", Provider: "custom", Domains: "export.example.com", Certificate: certPEM}
+	db.Create(&cert)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"format": "pem"})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/export-uuid-1/export", bytes.NewBuffer(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"), "Export Test.pem")
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Export_IncludeKeyNoPassword(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+	cert := models.SSLCertificate{UUID: "export-uuid-2", Name: "Key Test", Provider: "custom", Domains: "key.example.com"}
+	db.Create(&cert)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"format": "pem", "include_key": true})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/export-uuid-2/export", bytes.NewBuffer(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "password required")
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Export_IncludeKeyNoDBSet(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+	cert := models.SSLCertificate{UUID: "export-uuid-3", Name: "No DB Test", Provider: "custom", Domains: "nodb.example.com"}
+	db.Create(&cert)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	// h.db is nil - not set via SetDB
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"format": "pem", "include_key": true, "password": "test123"})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/export-uuid-3/export", bytes.NewBuffer(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "authentication required")
+}
+
+// --- Delete via UUID path tests ---
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Delete_UUIDPath_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	// Valid UUID format but does not exist
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001", http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Delete_UUIDPath_InUse(t *testing.T) {
+	db := OpenTestDBWithMigrations(t)
+	cert := models.SSLCertificate{UUID: "11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111", Name: "InUse UUID", Provider: "custom", Domains: "uuid-inuse.example.com"}
+	db.Create(&cert)
+
+	ph := models.ProxyHost{UUID: "ph-uuid-del", Name: "Proxy", DomainNames: "uuid-inuse.example.com", ForwardHost: "localhost", ForwardPort: 8080, CertificateID: &cert.ID}
+	db.Create(&ph)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111", http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusConflict, w.Code)
+}
+
+// --- sanitizeCertRef tests ---
+
+func TestSanitizeCertRef(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001", sanitizeCertRef("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "123", sanitizeCertRef("123"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "[invalid-ref]", sanitizeCertRef("not-valid"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "0", sanitizeCertRef("0"))
+}

backend/internal/api/handlers/certificate_handler_patch_coverage_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,707 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/models"
+	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/services"
+)
+
+// --- Delete UUID path with backup service ---
+
+func TestDelete_UUID_WithBackup_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	certUUID := uuid.New().String()
+	db.Create(&models.SSLCertificate{UUID: certUUID, Name: "backup-uuid", Provider: "custom", Domains: "backup.test"})
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	mock := &mockBackupService{
+		createFunc:         func() (string, error) { return "/tmp/backup.tar.gz", nil },
+		availableSpaceFunc: func() (int64, error) { return 1024 * 1024 * 1024, nil },
+	}
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mock, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+certUUID, http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestDelete_UUID_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	nonExistentUUID := uuid.New().String()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+nonExistentUUID, http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestDelete_UUID_InUse(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	certUUID := uuid.New().String()
+	cert := models.SSLCertificate{UUID: certUUID, Name: "inuse-uuid", Provider: "custom", Domains: "inuse.test"}
+	db.Create(&cert)
+	db.Create(&models.ProxyHost{UUID: "ph-uuid-inuse", Name: "ph", DomainNames: "inuse.test", ForwardHost: "localhost", ForwardPort: 8080, CertificateID: &cert.ID})
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+certUUID, http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusConflict, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestDelete_UUID_BackupLowSpace(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	certUUID := uuid.New().String()
+	db.Create(&models.SSLCertificate{UUID: certUUID, Name: "low-space", Provider: "custom", Domains: "lowspace.test"})
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	mock := &mockBackupService{
+		availableSpaceFunc: func() (int64, error) { return 1024, nil }, // 1KB - too low
+	}
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mock, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+certUUID, http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInsufficientStorage, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestDelete_UUID_BackupSpaceCheckError(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	certUUID := uuid.New().String()
+	db.Create(&models.SSLCertificate{UUID: certUUID, Name: "space-err", Provider: "custom", Domains: "spaceerr.test"})
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	mock := &mockBackupService{
+		availableSpaceFunc: func() (int64, error) { return 0, fmt.Errorf("disk error") },
+		createFunc:         func() (string, error) { return "/tmp/backup.tar.gz", nil },
+	}
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mock, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+certUUID, http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	// Space check error → proceeds with backup → succeeds
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestDelete_UUID_BackupCreateError(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	certUUID := uuid.New().String()
+	db.Create(&models.SSLCertificate{UUID: certUUID, Name: "backup-fail", Provider: "custom", Domains: "backupfail.test"})
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	mock := &mockBackupService{
+		availableSpaceFunc: func() (int64, error) { return 1024 * 1024 * 1024, nil },
+		createFunc:         func() (string, error) { return "", fmt.Errorf("backup creation failed") },
+	}
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mock, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+certUUID, http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+}
+
+// --- Delete UUID with notification service ---
+
+func TestDelete_UUID_WithNotification(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.Setting{}, &models.Notification{}, &models.NotificationProvider{}))
+
+	certUUID := uuid.New().String()
+	db.Create(&models.SSLCertificate{UUID: certUUID, Name: "notify-cert", Provider: "custom", Domains: "notify.test"})
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	notifSvc := services.NewNotificationService(db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, notifSvc)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+certUUID, http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+}
+
+// --- Validate handler ---
+
+func TestValidate_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	certPEM, _, err := generateSelfSignedCertPEM()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	body := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(body)
+	part, err := writer.CreateFormFile("certificate_file", "cert.pem")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = part.Write([]byte(certPEM))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, writer.Close())
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/validate", h.Validate)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/validate", body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestValidate_InvalidCert(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	body := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(body)
+	part, err := writer.CreateFormFile("certificate_file", "cert.pem")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = part.Write([]byte("not a certificate"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, writer.Close())
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/validate", h.Validate)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/validate", body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "unrecognized certificate format")
+}
+
+func TestValidate_NoCertFile(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/validate", h.Validate)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/validate", http.NoBody)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=boundary")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestValidate_WithKeyAndChain(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	certPEM, keyPEM, err := generateSelfSignedCertPEM()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	body := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(body)
+
+	certPart, err := writer.CreateFormFile("certificate_file", "cert.pem")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = certPart.Write([]byte(certPEM))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	keyPart, err := writer.CreateFormFile("key_file", "key.pem")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = keyPart.Write([]byte(keyPEM))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	chainPart, err := writer.CreateFormFile("chain_file", "chain.pem")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = chainPart.Write([]byte(certPEM)) // self-signed chain
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, writer.Close())
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/validate", h.Validate)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/validate", body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+}
+
+// --- Get handler DB error (non-NotFound) ---
+
+func TestGet_DBError(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// Deliberately don't migrate - any query will fail with "no such table"
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(t.TempDir(), db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.GET("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Get)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/certificates/"+uuid.New().String(), http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	// Should be 500 since the table doesn't exist
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+}
+
+// --- Export handler: re-auth and service error paths ---
+
+func TestExport_IncludeKey_MissingPassword(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.User{}))
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	h.SetDB(db)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	body := bytes.NewBufferString(`{"format":"pem","include_key":true}`)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/"+uuid.New().String()+"/export", body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestExport_IncludeKey_NoUserContext(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.User{}))
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	h.SetDB(db)
+
+	r := gin.New() // no middleware — "user" key absent
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	body := bytes.NewBufferString(`{"format":"pem","include_key":true,"password":"somepass"}`)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/"+uuid.New().String()+"/export", body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestExport_IncludeKey_InvalidClaimsType(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.User{}))
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	h.SetDB(db)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) { c.Set("user", "not-a-map"); c.Next() })
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	body := bytes.NewBufferString(`{"format":"pem","include_key":true,"password":"somepass"}`)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/"+uuid.New().String()+"/export", body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestExport_IncludeKey_UserIDNotInClaims(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.User{}))
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	h.SetDB(db)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) { c.Set("user", map[string]any{}); c.Next() }) // no "id" key
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	body := bytes.NewBufferString(`{"format":"pem","include_key":true,"password":"somepass"}`)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/"+uuid.New().String()+"/export", body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestExport_IncludeKey_UserNotFoundInDB(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.User{}))
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	h.SetDB(db)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) { c.Set("user", map[string]any{"id": float64(9999)}); c.Next() })
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	body := bytes.NewBufferString(`{"format":"pem","include_key":true,"password":"somepass"}`)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/"+uuid.New().String()+"/export", body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestExport_IncludeKey_WrongPassword(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.User{}))
+
+	u := &models.User{UUID: uuid.New().String(), Email: "export@example.com", Name: "Export User"}
+	require.NoError(t, u.SetPassword("correctpass"))
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(u).Error)
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	h.SetDB(db)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) { c.Set("user", map[string]any{"id": float64(u.ID)}); c.Next() })
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	body := bytes.NewBufferString(`{"format":"pem","include_key":true,"password":"wrongpass"}`)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/"+uuid.New().String()+"/export", body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestExport_CertNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	body := bytes.NewBufferString(`{"format":"pem"}`)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/"+uuid.New().String()+"/export", body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestExport_ServiceError(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	certUUID := uuid.New().String()
+	cert := models.SSLCertificate{UUID: certUUID, Name: "test", Domains: "test.example.com", Provider: "custom"}
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&cert).Error)
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	body := bytes.NewBufferString(`{"format":"unsupported_xyz"}`)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/"+certUUID+"/export", body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+}
+
+// --- Delete numeric ID paths ---
+
+func TestDelete_NumericID_UsageCheckError(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{})) // no ProxyHost → IsCertificateInUse fails
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/1", http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestDelete_NumericID_LowDiskSpace(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	cert := models.SSLCertificate{UUID: uuid.New().String(), Name: "low-space", Domains: "lowspace.example.com", Provider: "custom"}
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&cert).Error)
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	backup := &mockBackupService{
+		availableSpaceFunc: func() (int64, error) { return 1024, nil }, // < 100 MB
+		createFunc:         func() (string, error) { return "", nil },
+	}
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, backup, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, fmt.Sprintf("/api/certificates/%d", cert.ID), http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInsufficientStorage, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestDelete_NumericID_BackupError(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	cert := models.SSLCertificate{UUID: uuid.New().String(), Name: "backup-err", Domains: "backuperr.example.com", Provider: "custom"}
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&cert).Error)
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	backup := &mockBackupService{
+		availableSpaceFunc: func() (int64, error) { return 1 << 30, nil }, // 1 GB — plenty
+		createFunc:         func() (string, error) { return "", fmt.Errorf("backup create failed") },
+	}
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, backup, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, fmt.Sprintf("/api/certificates/%d", cert.ID), http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestDelete_NumericID_DeleteError(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.ProxyHost{})) // no SSLCertificate → DeleteCertificateByID fails
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/42", http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+}
+
+// --- Delete UUID: internal usage-check error ---
+
+func TestDelete_UUID_UsageCheckInternalError(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{})) // no ProxyHost → IsCertificateInUse fails
+
+	certUUID := uuid.New().String()
+	cert := models.SSLCertificate{UUID: certUUID, Name: "uuid-err", Domains: "uuiderr.example.com", Provider: "custom"}
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&cert).Error)
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+certUUID, http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+}
+
+// --- sendDeleteNotification: rate limit ---
+
+func TestSendDeleteNotification_RateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	ns := services.NewNotificationService(db, nil)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(t.TempDir(), db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, ns)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	ctx.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/", http.NoBody)
+
+	certRef := uuid.New().String()
+	h.sendDeleteNotification(ctx, certRef) // first call — sets timestamp
+	h.sendDeleteNotification(ctx, certRef) // second call — hits rate limit branch
+}
+
+// --- Update: empty UUID param (lines 207-209) ---
+
+func TestUpdate_EmptyUUID(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(t.TempDir(), nil, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	ctx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	ctx.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "/api/certificates/", bytes.NewBufferString(`{"name":"test"}`))
+	ctx.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	// No Params set — c.Param("uuid") returns ""
+	h.Update(ctx)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
+}
+
+// --- Update: DB error (non-ErrCertNotFound) → lines 223-225 ---
+
+func TestUpdate_DBError(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// Deliberately no AutoMigrate → ssl_certificates table absent → "no such table" error
+
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(t.TempDir(), db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.PUT("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Update)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"name": "new-name"})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "/api/certificates/"+uuid.New().String(), bytes.NewReader(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+}

backend/internal/api/handlers/certificate_handler_security_test.go

@@ -25,15 +25,14 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Delete_RequiresAuth(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to migrate: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	// Add a middleware that rejects all unauthenticated requests
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "Unauthorized"})
 	})
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/1", http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -55,13 +54,12 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_List_RequiresAuth(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to migrate: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	// Add a middleware that rejects all unauthenticated requests
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "Unauthorized"})
 	})
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
 	r.GET("/api/certificates", h.List)
 
@@ -85,13 +83,12 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Upload_RequiresAuth(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to migrate: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	// Add a middleware that rejects all unauthenticated requests
 	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "Unauthorized"})
 	})
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
 	r.POST("/api/certificates", h.Upload)
 
@@ -126,10 +123,9 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Delete_DiskSpaceCheck(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create cert: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 
 	// Mock backup service that reports low disk space
 	mockBackup := &mockBackupService{
@@ -139,7 +135,7 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Delete_DiskSpaceCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mockBackup, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, fmt.Sprintf("/api/certificates/%d", cert.ID), http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -179,10 +175,9 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Delete_NotificationRateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create cert2: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 
 	mockBackup := &mockBackupService{
 		createFunc: func() (string, error) {
@@ -191,7 +186,7 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Delete_NotificationRateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mockBackup, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	// Delete first cert
 	req1 := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, fmt.Sprintf("/api/certificates/%d", cert1.ID), http.NoBody)

backend/internal/api/handlers/certificate_handler_test.go

@@ -36,13 +36,12 @@ func mockAuthMiddleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
 
 func setupCertTestRouter(t *testing.T, db *gorm.DB) *gin.Engine {
 	t.Helper()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
 
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 	return r
 }
 
@@ -110,10 +109,9 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_CreatesBackup(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create cert: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 
 	// Mock BackupService
 	backupCalled := false
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_CreatesBackup(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mockBackupService, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+toStr(cert.ID), http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -164,10 +162,9 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_BackupFailure(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create cert: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 
 	// Mock BackupService that fails
 	mockBackupService := &mockBackupService{
@@ -177,7 +174,7 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_BackupFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mockBackupService, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+toStr(cert.ID), http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -218,10 +215,9 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_InUse_NoBackup(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create proxy host: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 
 	// Mock BackupService
 	backupCalled := false
@@ -233,7 +229,7 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_InUse_NoBackup(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mockBackupService, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+toStr(cert.ID), http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -296,11 +292,10 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_List(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to migrate: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
 	r.GET("/api/certificates", h.List)
 
@@ -324,10 +319,9 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Upload_MissingName(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to migrate: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
 	r.POST("/api/certificates", h.Upload)
 
@@ -352,10 +346,9 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Upload_MissingCertFile(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to migrate: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
 	r.POST("/api/certificates", h.Upload)
 
@@ -383,10 +376,9 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Upload_MissingKeyFile(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to migrate: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
 	r.POST("/api/certificates", h.Upload)
 
@@ -410,13 +402,17 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Upload_MissingKeyFile_MultipartWithCert(t *testing.T
 		t.Fatalf("failed to migrate: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
 	r.POST("/api/certificates", h.Upload)
 
+	certPEM, _, genErr := generateSelfSignedCertPEM()
+	if genErr != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to generate self-signed cert: %v", genErr)
+	}
+
 	var body bytes.Buffer
 	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&body)
 	_ = writer.WriteField("name", "testcert")
@@ -424,7 +420,7 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Upload_MissingKeyFile_MultipartWithCert(t *testing.T
 	if createErr != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create form file: %v", createErr)
 	}
-	_, _ = part.Write([]byte("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIIB\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----"))
+	_, _ = part.Write([]byte(certPEM))
 	_ = writer.Close()
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates", &body)
@@ -435,7 +431,7 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Upload_MissingKeyFile_MultipartWithCert(t *testing.T
 	if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
 		t.Fatalf("expected 400 Bad Request, got %d, body=%s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(w.Body.String(), "key_file") {
+	if !strings.Contains(w.Body.String(), "key_file is required") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected error message about key_file, got: %s", w.Body.String())
 	}
 }
@@ -450,14 +446,13 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Upload_Success(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to migrate: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
 
 	// Create a mock CertificateService that returns a created certificate
 	// Create a temporary services.CertificateService with a temp dir and DB
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
 	r.POST("/api/certificates", h.Upload)
 
@@ -525,12 +520,11 @@ func TestCertificateHandler_Upload_WithNotificationService(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.Setting{}, &models.NotificationProvider{}))
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
 
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
 	ns := services.NewNotificationService(db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, ns)
 	r.POST("/api/certificates", h.Upload)
@@ -564,12 +558,11 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_InvalidID(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to migrate: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/invalid", http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -590,12 +583,11 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_ZeroID(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to migrate: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/0", http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -622,10 +614,9 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_LowDiskSpace(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create cert: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 
 	// Mock BackupService with low disk space
 	mockBackupService := &mockBackupService{
@@ -635,7 +626,7 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_LowDiskSpace(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mockBackupService, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+toStr(cert.ID), http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -671,10 +662,9 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_DiskSpaceCheckError(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create cert: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 
 	// Mock BackupService with space check error but backup succeeds
 	mockBackupService := &mockBackupService{
@@ -687,7 +677,7 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_DiskSpaceCheckError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mockBackupService, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+toStr(cert.ID), http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -699,6 +689,122 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_DiskSpaceCheckError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// Test that an expired Let's Encrypt certificate not in use can be deleted.
+// The backend has no provider-based restrictions; deletion policy is frontend-only.
+func TestDeleteCertificate_ExpiredLetsEncrypt_NotInUse(t *testing.T) {
+	dbPath := t.TempDir() + "/cert_expired_le.db"
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?_journal_mode=WAL&_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=1", dbPath)), &gorm.Config{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to open db: %v", err)
+	}
+	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to access sql db: %v", err)
+	}
+	sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
+	sqlDB.SetMaxIdleConns(1)
+
+	if err = db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to migrate: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	expired := time.Now().Add(-24 * time.Hour)
+	cert := models.SSLCertificate{
+		UUID:      "expired-le-cert",
+		Name:      "expired-le",
+		Provider:  "letsencrypt",
+		Domains:   "expired.example.com",
+		ExpiresAt: &expired,
+	}
+	if err = db.Create(&cert).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create cert: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+
+	mockBS := &mockBackupService{
+		createFunc: func() (string, error) {
+			return "backup-expired-le.tar.gz", nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mockBS, nil)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+toStr(cert.ID), http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 200 OK, got %d, body=%s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
+	}
+
+	var found models.SSLCertificate
+	if err = db.First(&found, cert.ID).Error; err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected expired LE certificate to be deleted")
+	}
+}
+
+// Test that a valid (non-expired) Let's Encrypt certificate not in use can be deleted.
+// Confirms the backend imposes no provider-based restrictions on deletion.
+func TestDeleteCertificate_ValidLetsEncrypt_NotInUse(t *testing.T) {
+	dbPath := t.TempDir() + "/cert_valid_le.db"
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?_journal_mode=WAL&_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=1", dbPath)), &gorm.Config{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to open db: %v", err)
+	}
+	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to access sql db: %v", err)
+	}
+	sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
+	sqlDB.SetMaxIdleConns(1)
+
+	if err = db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to migrate: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	future := time.Now().Add(30 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	cert := models.SSLCertificate{
+		UUID:      "valid-le-cert",
+		Name:      "valid-le",
+		Provider:  "letsencrypt",
+		Domains:   "valid.example.com",
+		ExpiresAt: &future,
+	}
+	if err = db.Create(&cert).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create cert: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
+
+	mockBS := &mockBackupService{
+		createFunc: func() (string, error) {
+			return "backup-valid-le.tar.gz", nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mockBS, nil)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+toStr(cert.ID), http.NoBody)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 200 OK, got %d, body=%s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
+	}
+
+	var found models.SSLCertificate
+	if err = db.First(&found, cert.ID).Error; err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected valid LE certificate to be deleted")
+	}
+}
+
 // Test Delete when IsCertificateInUse fails
 func TestDeleteCertificate_UsageCheckError(t *testing.T) {
 	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
@@ -717,12 +823,11 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_UsageCheckError(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create cert: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+toStr(cert.ID), http.NoBody)
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -755,10 +860,9 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_NotificationRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create cert2: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
-	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db)
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService("/tmp", db, nil)
 	ns := services.NewNotificationService(db, nil)
 
 	mockBackupService := &mockBackupService{
@@ -768,7 +872,7 @@ func TestDeleteCertificate_NotificationRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, mockBackupService, ns)
-	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:id", h.Delete)
+	r.DELETE("/api/certificates/:uuid", h.Delete)
 
 	// Delete first certificate
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/certificates/"+toStr(cert1.ID), http.NoBody)

backend/internal/api/handlers/certificate_handler_upload_export_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/crypto"
+	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/models"
+	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/services"
+)
+
+// --- Upload: with chain file (covers chain_file multipart branch) ---
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Upload_WithChainFile(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.POST("/api/certificates", h.Upload)
+
+	certPEM, keyPEM, err := generateSelfSignedCertPEM()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&body)
+	_ = writer.WriteField("name", "chain-cert")
+	part, _ := writer.CreateFormFile("certificate_file", "cert.pem")
+	_, _ = part.Write([]byte(certPEM))
+	part2, _ := writer.CreateFormFile("key_file", "key.pem")
+	_, _ = part2.Write([]byte(keyPEM))
+	part3, _ := writer.CreateFormFile("chain_file", "chain.pem")
+	_, _ = part3.Write([]byte(certPEM))
+	_ = writer.Close()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates", &body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code, "body: %s", w.Body.String())
+}
+
+// --- Upload: invalid cert data ---
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Upload_InvalidCertData(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.POST("/api/certificates", h.Upload)
+
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&body)
+	_ = writer.WriteField("name", "bad-cert")
+	part, _ := writer.CreateFormFile("certificate_file", "cert.pem")
+	_, _ = part.Write([]byte("not-a-cert"))
+	part2, _ := writer.CreateFormFile("key_file", "key.pem")
+	_, _ = part2.Write([]byte("not-a-key"))
+	_ = writer.Close()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates", &body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
+}
+
+// --- Export re-authentication flow ---
+
+func setupExportRouter(t *testing.T, db *gorm.DB) (*gin.Engine, *CertificateHandler) {
+	t.Helper()
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	h.SetDB(db)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	return r, h
+}
+
+func newTestEncSvc(t *testing.T) *crypto.EncryptionService {
+	t.Helper()
+	key := make([]byte, 32)
+	for i := range key {
+		key[i] = byte(i)
+	}
+	svc, err := crypto.NewEncryptionService(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(key))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return svc
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Export_IncludeKeySuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.User{}))
+
+	user := models.User{UUID: "export-user-1", Email: "export@test.com", Name: "Exporter"}
+	require.NoError(t, user.SetPassword("correctpassword"))
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&user).Error)
+
+	encSvc := newTestEncSvc(t)
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, encSvc)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+	h.SetDB(db)
+
+	certPEM, keyPEM, err := generateSelfSignedCertPEM()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	info, err := svc.UploadCertificate("export-cert", certPEM, keyPEM, "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Set("user", map[string]any{"id": user.ID})
+		c.Next()
+	})
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	payload, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"format":      "pem",
+		"include_key": true,
+		"password":    "correctpassword",
+	})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/"+info.UUID+"/export", bytes.NewReader(payload))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code, "body: %s", w.Body.String())
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"), "export-cert.pem")
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Export_IncludeKeyWrongPassword(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.User{}))
+
+	r, h := setupExportRouter(t, db)
+
+	user := models.User{UUID: "wrong-pw-user", Email: "wrong@test.com", Name: "Wrong"}
+	require.NoError(t, user.SetPassword("rightpass"))
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&user).Error)
+
+	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Set("user", map[string]any{"id": user.ID})
+		c.Next()
+	})
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	payload, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"format":      "pem",
+		"include_key": true,
+		"password":    "wrongpass",
+	})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/fake-uuid/export", bytes.NewReader(payload))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "incorrect password")
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Export_NoUserInContext(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.User{}))
+
+	r, h := setupExportRouter(t, db)
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	payload, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"format":      "pem",
+		"include_key": true,
+		"password":    "anything",
+	})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/fake-uuid/export", bytes.NewReader(payload))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "authentication required")
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Export_InvalidSession(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.User{}))
+
+	r, h := setupExportRouter(t, db)
+	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Set("user", "not-a-map")
+		c.Next()
+	})
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	payload, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"format":      "pem",
+		"include_key": true,
+		"password":    "anything",
+	})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/fake-uuid/export", bytes.NewReader(payload))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "invalid session")
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Export_MissingUserID(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.User{}))
+
+	r, h := setupExportRouter(t, db)
+	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Set("user", map[string]any{"name": "test"})
+		c.Next()
+	})
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	payload, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"format":      "pem",
+		"include_key": true,
+		"password":    "anything",
+	})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/fake-uuid/export", bytes.NewReader(payload))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "invalid session")
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Export_UserNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}, &models.User{}))
+
+	r, h := setupExportRouter(t, db)
+	r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Set("user", map[string]any{"id": uint(9999)})
+		c.Next()
+	})
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/:uuid/export", h.Export)
+
+	payload, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"format":      "pem",
+		"include_key": true,
+		"password":    "anything",
+	})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/fake-uuid/export", bytes.NewReader(payload))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "user not found")
+}
+
+// --- Validate handler with key and chain ---
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Validate_WithKeyAndChain(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/validate", h.Validate)
+
+	certPEM, keyPEM, err := generateSelfSignedCertPEM()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&body)
+	part, _ := writer.CreateFormFile("certificate_file", "cert.pem")
+	_, _ = part.Write([]byte(certPEM))
+	part2, _ := writer.CreateFormFile("key_file", "key.pem")
+	_, _ = part2.Write([]byte(keyPEM))
+	part3, _ := writer.CreateFormFile("chain_file", "chain.pem")
+	_, _ = part3.Write([]byte(certPEM))
+	_ = writer.Close()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/validate", &body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code, "body: %s", w.Body.String())
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Validate_InvalidCert(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/validate", h.Validate)
+
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&body)
+	part, _ := writer.CreateFormFile("certificate_file", "cert.pem")
+	_, _ = part.Write([]byte("not-a-cert"))
+	_ = writer.Close()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/validate", &body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+	var resp map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
+	errList, ok := resp["errors"].([]any)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Greater(t, len(errList), 0, "expected validation errors in response")
+}
+
+func TestCertificateHandler_Validate_MissingCertFile(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(fmt.Sprintf("file:%s?mode=memory&cache=shared", t.Name())), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SSLCertificate{}, &models.ProxyHost{}))
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	svc := services.NewCertificateService(tmpDir, db, nil)
+	h := NewCertificateHandler(svc, nil, nil)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(mockAuthMiddleware())
+	r.POST("/api/certificates/validate", h.Validate)
+
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&body)
+	_ = writer.WriteField("name", "test")
+	_ = writer.Close()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/certificates/validate", &body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "certificate_file is required")
+}

backend/internal/api/handlers/coverage_helpers_test.go

@@ -129,7 +129,6 @@ func Test_mapCrowdsecStatus(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test actorFromContext helper function
 func Test_actorFromContext(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	t.Run("with userID in context", func(t *testing.T) {
 		c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
@@ -157,7 +156,6 @@ func Test_actorFromContext(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test hubEndpoints helper function
 func Test_hubEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	t.Run("nil Hub returns nil", func(t *testing.T) {
 		h := &CrowdsecHandler{Hub: nil}
@@ -193,7 +191,6 @@ func TestRealCommandExecutor_Execute(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test isCerberusEnabled helper
 func Test_isCerberusEnabled(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.Setting{}))
 
@@ -243,7 +240,6 @@ func Test_isCerberusEnabled(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test isConsoleEnrollmentEnabled helper
 func Test_isConsoleEnrollmentEnabled(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.Setting{}))
 
@@ -293,7 +289,6 @@ func Test_isConsoleEnrollmentEnabled(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test CrowdsecHandler.ExportConfig
 func TestCrowdsecHandler_ExportConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SecurityConfig{}))
 
@@ -320,7 +315,6 @@ func TestCrowdsecHandler_ExportConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test CrowdsecHandler.CheckLAPIHealth
 func TestCrowdsecHandler_CheckLAPIHealth(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SecurityConfig{}))
 
@@ -340,7 +334,6 @@ func TestCrowdsecHandler_CheckLAPIHealth(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test CrowdsecHandler Console endpoints
 func TestCrowdsecHandler_ConsoleStatus(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SecurityConfig{}, &models.Setting{}, &models.CrowdsecConsoleEnrollment{}))
 
@@ -362,7 +355,6 @@ func TestCrowdsecHandler_ConsoleStatus(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsecHandler_ConsoleEnroll_Disabled(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SecurityConfig{}, &models.Setting{}))
 
@@ -385,7 +377,6 @@ func TestCrowdsecHandler_ConsoleEnroll_Disabled(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsecHandler_DeleteConsoleEnrollment(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SecurityConfig{}, &models.Setting{}))
 
@@ -405,7 +396,6 @@ func TestCrowdsecHandler_DeleteConsoleEnrollment(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test CrowdsecHandler.BanIP and UnbanIP
 func TestCrowdsecHandler_BanIP(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SecurityConfig{}, &models.Setting{}))
 
@@ -434,7 +424,6 @@ func TestCrowdsecHandler_BanIP(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsecHandler_UnbanIP(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SecurityConfig{}, &models.Setting{}))
 
@@ -460,7 +449,6 @@ func TestCrowdsecHandler_UnbanIP(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test CrowdsecHandler.UpdateAcquisitionConfig
 func TestCrowdsecHandler_UpdateAcquisitionConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SecurityConfig{}, &models.Setting{}))
 
@@ -540,7 +528,6 @@ func Test_safeFloat64ToUint(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test CrowdsecHandler_DiagnosticsConnectivity
 func TestCrowdsecHandler_DiagnosticsConnectivity(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SecurityConfig{}, &models.Setting{}, &models.CrowdsecConsoleEnrollment{}))
 
@@ -569,7 +556,6 @@ func TestCrowdsecHandler_DiagnosticsConnectivity(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test CrowdsecHandler_DiagnosticsConfig
 func TestCrowdsecHandler_DiagnosticsConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SecurityConfig{}, &models.Setting{}))
 
@@ -595,7 +581,6 @@ func TestCrowdsecHandler_DiagnosticsConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test CrowdsecHandler_ConsoleHeartbeat
 func TestCrowdsecHandler_ConsoleHeartbeat(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SecurityConfig{}, &models.Setting{}, &models.CrowdsecConsoleEnrollment{}))
 
@@ -623,7 +608,6 @@ func TestCrowdsecHandler_ConsoleHeartbeat(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test CrowdsecHandler_ConsoleHeartbeat_Disabled
 func TestCrowdsecHandler_ConsoleHeartbeat_Disabled(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.SecurityConfig{}, &models.Setting{}))
 

backend/internal/api/handlers/coverage_quick_test.go

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ func createValidSQLiteDB(t *testing.T, dbPath string) error {
 // Use a real BackupService, but point it at tmpDir for isolation
 
 func TestBackupHandlerQuick(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	// Create a valid SQLite database for backup operations
 	dbPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "db.sqlite")

backend/internal/api/handlers/credential_handler_test.go

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ func setupCredentialHandlerTest(t *testing.T) (*gin.Engine, *gorm.DB, *models.DN
 		_ = os.Unsetenv("CHARON_ENCRYPTION_KEY")
 	})
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	router := gin.New()
 
 	// Use test name for unique database with WAL mode to avoid locking issues

backend/internal/api/handlers/crowdsec_archive_validation_test.go

@@ -251,7 +251,6 @@ func TestConfigArchiveValidator_RequiredFiles(t *testing.T) {
 // TestImportConfig_Validation tests the enhanced ImportConfig handler with validation.
 func TestImportConfig_Validation(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
@@ -320,7 +319,6 @@ func TestImportConfig_Validation(t *testing.T) {
 // TestImportConfig_Rollback tests backup restoration on validation failure.
 func TestImportConfig_Rollback(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()

backend/internal/api/handlers/crowdsec_cache_verification_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 
 // TestListPresetsShowsCachedStatus verifies the /presets endpoint marks cached presets.
 func TestListPresetsShowsCachedStatus(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	cacheDir := t.TempDir()
 	dataDir := t.TempDir()

backend/internal/api/handlers/crowdsec_coverage_boost_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 // ============================================
 
 func TestUpdateAcquisitionConfigMissingContent(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h := newTestCrowdsecHandler(t, OpenTestDB(t), &fakeExec{}, "/bin/false", t.TempDir())
 	r := gin.New()
 	g := r.Group("/api/v1")
@@ -33,7 +32,6 @@ func TestUpdateAcquisitionConfigMissingContent(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUpdateAcquisitionConfigInvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h := newTestCrowdsecHandler(t, OpenTestDB(t), &fakeExec{}, "/bin/false", t.TempDir())
 	r := gin.New()
 	g := r.Group("/api/v1")
@@ -49,7 +47,6 @@ func TestUpdateAcquisitionConfigInvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetLAPIDecisionsWithIPFilter(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	mockExec := &mockCommandExecutor{output: []byte(`[]`), err: nil}
 	h := &CrowdsecHandler{
 		CmdExec: mockExec,
@@ -68,7 +65,6 @@ func TestGetLAPIDecisionsWithIPFilter(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetLAPIDecisionsWithScopeFilter(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	mockExec := &mockCommandExecutor{output: []byte(`[]`), err: nil}
 	h := &CrowdsecHandler{
 		CmdExec: mockExec,
@@ -86,7 +82,6 @@ func TestGetLAPIDecisionsWithScopeFilter(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetLAPIDecisionsWithTypeFilter(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	mockExec := &mockCommandExecutor{output: []byte(`[]`), err: nil}
 	h := &CrowdsecHandler{
 		CmdExec: mockExec,
@@ -104,7 +99,6 @@ func TestGetLAPIDecisionsWithTypeFilter(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetLAPIDecisionsWithMultipleFilters(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	mockExec := &mockCommandExecutor{output: []byte(`[]`), err: nil}
 	h := &CrowdsecHandler{
 		CmdExec: mockExec,

backend/internal/api/handlers/crowdsec_coverage_gap_test.go

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ func (m *MockCommandExecutor) ExecuteWithEnv(ctx context.Context, name string, a
 
 // TestConsoleEnrollMissingKey covers the "enrollment_key required" branch
 func TestConsoleEnrollMissingKey(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	mockExec := new(MockCommandExecutor)
 
@@ -59,7 +58,6 @@ func TestConsoleEnrollMissingKey(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestGetCachedPreset_ValidationAndMiss covers path param validation empty check (if any) and cache miss
 func TestGetCachedPreset_ValidationAndMiss(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	cache, _ := crowdsec.NewHubCache(tmpDir, time.Hour)
@@ -86,7 +84,6 @@ func TestGetCachedPreset_ValidationAndMiss(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetCachedPreset_SlugRequired(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h := &CrowdsecHandler{}
 	t.Setenv("FEATURE_CERBERUS_ENABLED", "1")
 

backend/internal/api/handlers/crowdsec_coverage_target_test.go

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 
 // TestUpdateAcquisitionConfigSuccess tests successful config update
 func TestUpdateAcquisitionConfigSuccess(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
 	// Create fake acquis.yaml path in tmp
@@ -50,7 +49,6 @@ func TestUpdateAcquisitionConfigSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestRegisterBouncerScriptPathError tests script not found
 func TestRegisterBouncerScriptPathError(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h := newTestCrowdsecHandler(t, OpenTestDB(t), &fakeExec{}, "/bin/false", t.TempDir())
 	r := gin.New()
 	g := r.Group("/api/v1")
@@ -92,7 +90,6 @@ func (f *fakeExecWithOutput) Status(ctx context.Context, configDir string) (runn
 
 // TestGetLAPIDecisionsRequestError tests request creation error
 func TestGetLAPIDecisionsEmptyResponse(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h := newTestCrowdsecHandler(t, OpenTestDB(t), &fakeExec{}, "/bin/false", t.TempDir())
 	r := gin.New()
 	g := r.Group("/api/v1")
@@ -109,7 +106,6 @@ func TestGetLAPIDecisionsEmptyResponse(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestGetLAPIDecisionsWithFilters tests query parameter handling
 func TestGetLAPIDecisionsIPQueryParam(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h := newTestCrowdsecHandler(t, OpenTestDB(t), &fakeExec{}, "/bin/false", t.TempDir())
 	r := gin.New()
 	g := r.Group("/api/v1")
@@ -124,7 +120,6 @@ func TestGetLAPIDecisionsIPQueryParam(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestGetLAPIDecisionsScopeParam tests scope parameter
 func TestGetLAPIDecisionsScopeParam(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h := newTestCrowdsecHandler(t, OpenTestDB(t), &fakeExec{}, "/bin/false", t.TempDir())
 	r := gin.New()
 	g := r.Group("/api/v1")
@@ -139,7 +134,6 @@ func TestGetLAPIDecisionsScopeParam(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestGetLAPIDecisionsTypeParam tests type parameter
 func TestGetLAPIDecisionsTypeParam(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h := newTestCrowdsecHandler(t, OpenTestDB(t), &fakeExec{}, "/bin/false", t.TempDir())
 	r := gin.New()
 	g := r.Group("/api/v1")
@@ -154,7 +148,6 @@ func TestGetLAPIDecisionsTypeParam(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestGetLAPIDecisionsCombinedParams tests multiple query params
 func TestGetLAPIDecisionsCombinedParams(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h := newTestCrowdsecHandler(t, OpenTestDB(t), &fakeExec{}, "/bin/false", t.TempDir())
 	r := gin.New()
 	g := r.Group("/api/v1")
@@ -169,7 +162,6 @@ func TestGetLAPIDecisionsCombinedParams(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestCheckLAPIHealthTimeout tests health check
 func TestCheckLAPIHealthRequest(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h := newTestCrowdsecHandler(t, OpenTestDB(t), &fakeExec{}, "/bin/false", t.TempDir())
 	r := gin.New()
 	g := r.Group("/api/v1")
@@ -223,7 +215,6 @@ func TestGetLAPIKeyAlternative(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestStatusContextTimeout tests context handling
 func TestStatusRequest(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h := newTestCrowdsecHandler(t, OpenTestDB(t), &fakeExec{}, "/bin/false", t.TempDir())
 	r := gin.New()
 	g := r.Group("/api/v1")
@@ -238,7 +229,6 @@ func TestStatusRequest(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestRegisterBouncerExecutionSuccess tests successful registration
 func TestRegisterBouncerFlow(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
 	// Create fake script
@@ -267,7 +257,6 @@ func TestRegisterBouncerFlow(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestRegisterBouncerWithError tests execution error
 func TestRegisterBouncerExecutionFailure(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
 	// Create fake script
@@ -294,7 +283,6 @@ func TestRegisterBouncerExecutionFailure(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestGetAcquisitionConfigFileError tests file read error
 func TestGetAcquisitionConfigNotPresent(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	h := newTestCrowdsecHandler(t, OpenTestDB(t), &fakeExec{}, "/bin/false", t.TempDir())
 	r := gin.New()
 	g := r.Group("/api/v1")

backend/internal/api/handlers/crowdsec_dashboard.go

@@ -0,0 +1,632 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/csv"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/logger"
+	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/models"
+	"github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/network"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+// Cache TTL constants for dashboard endpoints.
+const (
+	dashSummaryTTL   = 30 * time.Second
+	dashTimelineTTL  = 60 * time.Second
+	dashTopIPsTTL    = 60 * time.Second
+	dashScenariosTTL = 60 * time.Second
+	dashAlertsTTL    = 30 * time.Second
+	exportMaxRows    = 100_000
+)
+
+// parseTimeRange converts a range string to a start time. Empty string defaults to 24h.
+func parseTimeRange(rangeStr string) (time.Time, error) {
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	switch rangeStr {
+	case "1h":
+		return now.Add(-1 * time.Hour), nil
+	case "6h":
+		return now.Add(-6 * time.Hour), nil
+	case "24h", "":
+		return now.Add(-24 * time.Hour), nil
+	case "7d":
+		return now.Add(-7 * 24 * time.Hour), nil
+	case "30d":
+		return now.Add(-30 * 24 * time.Hour), nil
+	default:
+		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid range: %s (valid: 1h, 6h, 24h, 7d, 30d)", rangeStr)
+	}
+}
+
+// normalizeRange returns the canonical range string (defaults empty to "24h").
+func normalizeRange(r string) string {
+	if r == "" {
+		return "24h"
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// intervalForRange selects the default time-bucket interval for a given range.
+func intervalForRange(rangeStr string) string {
+	switch rangeStr {
+	case "1h":
+		return "5m"
+	case "6h":
+		return "15m"
+	case "24h", "":
+		return "1h"
+	case "7d":
+		return "6h"
+	case "30d":
+		return "1d"
+	default:
+		return "1h"
+	}
+}
+
+// intervalToStrftime maps an interval string to the SQLite strftime expression
+// used for time bucketing.
+func intervalToStrftime(interval string) string {
+	switch interval {
+	case "5m":
+		return "strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:', created_at) || printf('%02d:00Z', (CAST(strftime('%M', created_at) AS INTEGER) / 5) * 5)"
+	case "15m":
+		return "strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:', created_at) || printf('%02d:00Z', (CAST(strftime('%M', created_at) AS INTEGER) / 15) * 15)"
+	case "1h":
+		return "strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:00:00Z', created_at)"
+	case "6h":
+		return "strftime('%Y-%m-%dT', created_at) || printf('%02d:00:00Z', (CAST(strftime('%H', created_at) AS INTEGER) / 6) * 6)"
+	case "1d":
+		return "strftime('%Y-%m-%dT00:00:00Z', created_at)"
+	default:
+		return "strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:00:00Z', created_at)"
+	}
+}
+
+// validInterval checks whether the provided interval is one of the known values.
+func validInterval(interval string) bool {
+	switch interval {
+	case "5m", "15m", "1h", "6h", "1d":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// sanitizeCSVField prefixes fields starting with formula-trigger characters
+// to prevent CSV injection (CWE-1236).
+func sanitizeCSVField(field string) string {
+	if field == "" {
+		return field
+	}
+	switch field[0] {
+	case '=', '+', '-', '@', '\t', '\r':
+		return "'" + field
+	}
+	return field
+}
+
+// DashboardSummary returns aggregate counts for the dashboard summary cards.
+func (h *CrowdsecHandler) DashboardSummary(c *gin.Context) {
+	rangeStr := normalizeRange(c.Query("range"))
+	cacheKey := "dashboard:summary:" + rangeStr
+
+	if cached, ok := h.dashCache.Get(cacheKey); ok {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, cached)
+		return
+	}
+
+	since, err := parseTimeRange(rangeStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Historical metrics from SQLite
+	var totalDecisions int64
+	h.DB.Model(&models.SecurityDecision{}).
+		Where("source = ? AND created_at >= ?", "crowdsec", since).
+		Count(&totalDecisions)
+
+	var uniqueIPs int64
+	h.DB.Model(&models.SecurityDecision{}).
+		Where("source = ? AND created_at >= ?", "crowdsec", since).
+		Distinct("ip").Count(&uniqueIPs)
+
+	var topScenario struct {
+		Scenario string
+		Cnt      int64
+	}
+	h.DB.Model(&models.SecurityDecision{}).
+		Select("scenario, COUNT(*) as cnt").
+		Where("source = ? AND created_at >= ? AND scenario != ''", "crowdsec", since).
+		Group("scenario").
+		Order("cnt DESC").
+		Limit(1).
+		Scan(&topScenario)
+
+	// Trend calculation: compare current period vs previous equal-length period
+	duration := time.Since(since)
+	previousSince := since.Add(-duration)
+	var previousCount int64
+	h.DB.Model(&models.SecurityDecision{}).
+		Where("source = ? AND created_at >= ? AND created_at < ?", "crowdsec", previousSince, since).
+		Count(&previousCount)
+
+	// Trend: percentage change vs. the previous equal-length period.
+	// Formula: round((current - previous) / previous * 100, 1)
+	// Special cases: no previous data → 0; no current data → -100%.
+	var trend float64
+	if previousCount == 0 {
+		trend = 0.0
+	} else if totalDecisions == 0 && previousCount > 0 {
+		trend = -100.0
+	} else {
+		trend = math.Round(float64(totalDecisions-previousCount)/float64(previousCount)*1000) / 10
+	}
+
+	// Active decisions from LAPI (real-time)
+	activeDecisions := h.fetchActiveDecisionCount(c.Request.Context())
+
+	result := gin.H{
+		"total_decisions":  totalDecisions,
+		"active_decisions": activeDecisions,
+		"unique_ips":       uniqueIPs,
+		"top_scenario":     topScenario.Scenario,
+		"decisions_trend":  trend,
+		"range":            rangeStr,
+		"cached":           false,
+		"generated_at":     time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+	}
+
+	h.dashCache.Set(cacheKey, result, dashSummaryTTL)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, result)
+}
+
+// fetchActiveDecisionCount queries LAPI for active decisions count.
+// Returns -1 when LAPI is unreachable.
+func (h *CrowdsecHandler) fetchActiveDecisionCount(ctx context.Context) int64 {
+	lapiURL := "http://127.0.0.1:8085"
+	if h.Security != nil {
+		cfg, err := h.Security.Get()
+		if err == nil && cfg != nil && cfg.CrowdSecAPIURL != "" {
+			lapiURL = cfg.CrowdSecAPIURL
+		}
+	}
+
+	baseURL, err := h.resolveLAPIURLValidator(lapiURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return -1
+	}
+
+	endpoint := baseURL.ResolveReference(&url.URL{Path: "/v1/decisions"})
+	reqURL := endpoint.String()
+
+	apiKey := getLAPIKey()
+
+	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(reqCtx, http.MethodGet, reqURL, http.NoBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		return -1
+	}
+	if apiKey != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("X-Api-Key", apiKey)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+
+	client := network.NewInternalServiceHTTPClient(10 * time.Second)
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return -1
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return -1
+	}
+
+	var decisions []interface{}
+	if decErr := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&decisions); decErr != nil {
+		return -1
+	}
+	return int64(len(decisions))
+}
+
+// DashboardTimeline returns time-bucketed decision counts for the timeline chart.
+func (h *CrowdsecHandler) DashboardTimeline(c *gin.Context) {
+	rangeStr := normalizeRange(c.Query("range"))
+	interval := c.Query("interval")
+	if interval == "" {
+		interval = intervalForRange(rangeStr)
+	}
+	if !validInterval(interval) {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("invalid interval: %s (valid: 5m, 15m, 1h, 6h, 1d)", interval)})
+		return
+	}
+
+	cacheKey := fmt.Sprintf("dashboard:timeline:%s:%s", rangeStr, interval)
+	if cached, ok := h.dashCache.Get(cacheKey); ok {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, cached)
+		return
+	}
+
+	since, err := parseTimeRange(rangeStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	bucketExpr := intervalToStrftime(interval)
+
+	type bucketRow struct {
+		Bucket   string
+		Bans     int64
+		Captchas int64
+	}
+	var rows []bucketRow
+
+	h.DB.Model(&models.SecurityDecision{}).
+		Select(fmt.Sprintf("(%s) as bucket, SUM(CASE WHEN action = 'block' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as bans, SUM(CASE WHEN action = 'challenge' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as captchas", bucketExpr)).
+		Where("source = ? AND created_at >= ?", "crowdsec", since).
+		Group("bucket").
+		Order("bucket ASC").
+		Scan(&rows)
+
+	buckets := make([]gin.H, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		buckets = append(buckets, gin.H{
+			"timestamp": r.Bucket,
+			"bans":      r.Bans,
+			"captchas":  r.Captchas,
+		})
+	}
+
+	result := gin.H{
+		"buckets":  buckets,
+		"range":    rangeStr,
+		"interval": interval,
+		"cached":   false,
+	}
+
+	h.dashCache.Set(cacheKey, result, dashTimelineTTL)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, result)
+}
+
+// DashboardTopIPs returns top attacking IPs ranked by decision count.
+func (h *CrowdsecHandler) DashboardTopIPs(c *gin.Context) {
+	rangeStr := normalizeRange(c.Query("range"))
+	limitStr := c.DefaultQuery("limit", "10")
+	limit, err := strconv.Atoi(limitStr)
+	if err != nil || limit < 1 {
+		limit = 10
+	}
+	if limit > 50 {
+		limit = 50
+	}
+
+	cacheKey := fmt.Sprintf("dashboard:top-ips:%s:%d", rangeStr, limit)
+	if cached, ok := h.dashCache.Get(cacheKey); ok {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, cached)
+		return
+	}
+
+	since, err := parseTimeRange(rangeStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	type ipRow struct {
+		IP       string
+		Count    int64
+		LastSeen time.Time
+		Country  string
+	}
+	var rows []ipRow
+
+	h.DB.Model(&models.SecurityDecision{}).
+		Select("ip, COUNT(*) as count, MAX(created_at) as last_seen, MAX(country) as country").
+		Where("source = ? AND created_at >= ?", "crowdsec", since).
+		Group("ip").
+		Order("count DESC").
+		Limit(limit).
+		Scan(&rows)
+
+	ips := make([]gin.H, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		ips = append(ips, gin.H{
+			"ip":        r.IP,
+			"count":     r.Count,
+			"last_seen": r.LastSeen.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+			"country":   r.Country,
+		})
+	}
+
+	result := gin.H{
+		"ips":    ips,
+		"range":  rangeStr,
+		"cached": false,
+	}
+
+	h.dashCache.Set(cacheKey, result, dashTopIPsTTL)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, result)
+}
+
+// DashboardScenarios returns scenario breakdown with counts and percentages.
+func (h *CrowdsecHandler) DashboardScenarios(c *gin.Context) {
+	rangeStr := normalizeRange(c.Query("range"))
+
+	cacheKey := "dashboard:scenarios:" + rangeStr
+	if cached, ok := h.dashCache.Get(cacheKey); ok {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, cached)
+		return
+	}
+
+	since, err := parseTimeRange(rangeStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	type scenarioRow struct {
+		Name  string
+		Count int64
+	}
+	var rows []scenarioRow
+
+	h.DB.Model(&models.SecurityDecision{}).
+		Select("scenario as name, COUNT(*) as count").
+		Where("source = ? AND created_at >= ? AND scenario != ''", "crowdsec", since).
+		Group("scenario").
+		Order("count DESC").
+		Limit(50).
+		Scan(&rows)
+
+	var total int64
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		total += r.Count
+	}
+
+	scenarios := make([]gin.H, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		pct := 0.0
+		if total > 0 {
+			pct = math.Round(float64(r.Count)/float64(total)*1000) / 10
+		}
+		scenarios = append(scenarios, gin.H{
+			"name":       r.Name,
+			"count":      r.Count,
+			"percentage": pct,
+		})
+	}
+
+	result := gin.H{
+		"scenarios": scenarios,
+		"total":     total,
+		"range":     rangeStr,
+		"cached":    false,
+	}
+
+	h.dashCache.Set(cacheKey, result, dashScenariosTTL)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, result)
+}
+
+// ListAlerts wraps the CrowdSec LAPI /v1/alerts endpoint.
+func (h *CrowdsecHandler) ListAlerts(c *gin.Context) {
+	rangeStr := normalizeRange(c.Query("range"))
+	scenario := strings.TrimSpace(c.Query("scenario"))
+	limitStr := c.DefaultQuery("limit", "50")
+	offsetStr := c.DefaultQuery("offset", "0")
+
+	limit, err := strconv.Atoi(limitStr)
+	if err != nil || limit < 1 {
+		limit = 50
+	}
+	if limit > 200 {
+		limit = 200
+	}
+	offset, err := strconv.Atoi(offsetStr)
+	if err != nil || offset < 0 {
+		offset = 0
+	}
+
+	cacheKey := fmt.Sprintf("dashboard:alerts:%s:%s:%d:%d", rangeStr, scenario, limit, offset)
+	if cached, ok := h.dashCache.Get(cacheKey); ok {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, cached)
+		return
+	}
+
+	since, tErr := parseTimeRange(rangeStr)
+	if tErr != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": tErr.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	alerts, total, source := h.fetchLAPIAlerts(c.Request.Context(), since, scenario, limit, offset)
+
+	result := gin.H{
+		"alerts": alerts,
+		"total":  total,
+		"source": source,
+		"cached": false,
+	}
+
+	h.dashCache.Set(cacheKey, result, dashAlertsTTL)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, result)
+}
+
+// fetchLAPIAlerts attempts to get alerts from LAPI, falling back to cscli.
+func (h *CrowdsecHandler) fetchLAPIAlerts(ctx context.Context, since time.Time, scenario string, limit, offset int) (alerts []interface{}, total int, source string) {
+	lapiURL := "http://127.0.0.1:8085"
+	if h.Security != nil {
+		cfg, err := h.Security.Get()
+		if err == nil && cfg != nil && cfg.CrowdSecAPIURL != "" {
+			lapiURL = cfg.CrowdSecAPIURL
+		}
+	}
+
+	baseURL, err := h.resolveLAPIURLValidator(lapiURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return h.fetchAlertsCscli(ctx, scenario, limit)
+	}
+
+	q := url.Values{}
+	q.Set("since", since.Format(time.RFC3339))
+	if scenario != "" {
+		q.Set("scenario", scenario)
+	}
+	q.Set("limit", strconv.Itoa(limit))
+
+	endpoint := baseURL.ResolveReference(&url.URL{Path: "/v1/alerts"})
+	endpoint.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+	reqURL := endpoint.String()
+
+	apiKey := getLAPIKey()
+
+	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	req, reqErr := http.NewRequestWithContext(reqCtx, http.MethodGet, reqURL, http.NoBody)
+	if reqErr != nil {
+		return h.fetchAlertsCscli(ctx, scenario, limit)
+	}
+	if apiKey != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("X-Api-Key", apiKey)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+
+	client := network.NewInternalServiceHTTPClient(10 * time.Second)
+	resp, doErr := client.Do(req)
+	if doErr != nil {
+		return h.fetchAlertsCscli(ctx, scenario, limit)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return h.fetchAlertsCscli(ctx, scenario, limit)
+	}
+
+	var rawAlerts []interface{}
+	if decErr := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&rawAlerts); decErr != nil {
+		return h.fetchAlertsCscli(ctx, scenario, limit)
+	}
+
+	// Capture full count before slicing for correct pagination semantics
+	fullTotal := len(rawAlerts)
+
+	// Apply offset for pagination
+	if offset > 0 && offset < len(rawAlerts) {
+		rawAlerts = rawAlerts[offset:]
+	} else if offset >= len(rawAlerts) {
+		rawAlerts = nil
+	}
+
+	if limit < len(rawAlerts) {
+		rawAlerts = rawAlerts[:limit]
+	}
+
+	return rawAlerts, fullTotal, "lapi"
+}
+
+// fetchAlertsCscli falls back to using cscli to list alerts.
+func (h *CrowdsecHandler) fetchAlertsCscli(ctx context.Context, scenario string, limit int) (alerts []interface{}, total int, source string) {
+	args := []string{"alerts", "list", "-o", "json"}
+	if scenario != "" {
+		args = append(args, "-s", scenario)
+	}
+	args = append(args, "-l", strconv.Itoa(limit))
+
+	output, err := h.CmdExec.Execute(ctx, "cscli", args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Log().WithError(err).Warn("Failed to list alerts via cscli")
+		return []interface{}{}, 0, "cscli"
+	}
+
+	if jErr := json.Unmarshal(output, &alerts); jErr != nil {
+		return []interface{}{}, 0, "cscli"
+	}
+	return alerts, len(alerts), "cscli"
+}
+
+// ExportDecisions exports decisions as downloadable CSV or JSON.
+func (h *CrowdsecHandler) ExportDecisions(c *gin.Context) {
+	format := strings.ToLower(c.DefaultQuery("format", "csv"))
+	rangeStr := normalizeRange(c.Query("range"))
+	source := strings.ToLower(c.DefaultQuery("source", "all"))
+
+	if format != "csv" && format != "json" {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid format: must be csv or json"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	validSources := map[string]bool{"crowdsec": true, "waf": true, "ratelimit": true, "manual": true, "all": true}
+	if !validSources[source] {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid source: must be crowdsec, waf, ratelimit, manual, or all"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	since, err := parseTimeRange(rangeStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	var decisions []models.SecurityDecision
+	q := h.DB.Where("created_at >= ?", since)
+	if source != "all" {
+		q = q.Where("source = ?", source)
+	}
+	q.Order("created_at DESC").Limit(exportMaxRows).Find(&decisions)
+
+	ts := time.Now().UTC().Format("20060102-150405")
+
+	switch format {
+	case "csv":
+		filename := fmt.Sprintf("crowdsec-decisions-%s.csv", ts)
+		c.Header("Content-Type", "text/csv; charset=utf-8")
+		c.Header("Content-Disposition", fmt.Sprintf("attachment; filename=%s", filename))
+
+		w := csv.NewWriter(c.Writer)
+		_ = w.Write([]string{"uuid", "ip", "action", "source", "scenario", "rule_id", "host", "country", "created_at", "expires_at"})
+		for _, d := range decisions {
+			_ = w.Write([]string{
+				d.UUID,
+				sanitizeCSVField(d.IP),
+				d.Action,
+				d.Source,
+				sanitizeCSVField(d.Scenario),
+				sanitizeCSVField(d.RuleID),
+				sanitizeCSVField(d.Host),
+				sanitizeCSVField(d.Country),
+				d.CreatedAt.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+				func() string {
+					if d.ExpiresAt != nil {
+						return d.ExpiresAt.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
+					}
+					return ""
+				}(),
+			})
+		}
+		w.Flush()
+		if err := w.Error(); err != nil {
+			logger.Log().WithError(err).Warn("CSV export write error")
+		}
+
+	case "json":
+		filename := fmt.Sprintf("crowdsec-decisions-%s.json", ts)
+		c.Header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		c.Header("Content-Disposition", fmt.Sprintf("attachment; filename=%s", filename))
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, decisions)
+	}
+}

backend/internal/api/handlers/crowdsec_dashboard_cache.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type cacheEntry struct {
+	data      interface{}
+	expiresAt time.Time
+}
+
+type dashboardCache struct {
+	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	entries map[string]*cacheEntry
+}
+
+func newDashboardCache() *dashboardCache {
+	return &dashboardCache{
+		entries: make(map[string]*cacheEntry),
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *dashboardCache) Get(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	entry, ok := c.entries[key]
+	if !ok {
+		c.mu.RUnlock()
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	if time.Now().Before(entry.expiresAt) {
+		data := entry.data
+		c.mu.RUnlock()
+		return data, true
+	}
+	c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	entry, ok = c.entries[key]
+	if ok && time.Now().After(entry.expiresAt) {
+		delete(c.entries, key)
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+func (c *dashboardCache) Set(key string, data interface{}, ttl time.Duration) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	c.entries[key] = &cacheEntry{
+		data:      data,
+		expiresAt: time.Now().Add(ttl),
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *dashboardCache) Invalidate(prefixes ...string) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	for key := range c.entries {
+		for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(key, prefix) {
+				delete(c.entries, key)
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

backend/internal/api/handlers/crowdsec_decisions_test.go

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ func (m *mockCommandExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...
 }
 
 func TestListDecisions_Success(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -67,7 +66,6 @@ func TestListDecisions_Success(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestListDecisions_EmptyList(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -98,7 +96,6 @@ func TestListDecisions_EmptyList(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestListDecisions_CscliError(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -130,7 +127,6 @@ func TestListDecisions_CscliError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestListDecisions_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -154,7 +150,6 @@ func TestListDecisions_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBanIP_Success(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -205,7 +200,6 @@ func TestBanIP_Success(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBanIP_DefaultDuration(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -245,7 +239,6 @@ func TestBanIP_DefaultDuration(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBanIP_MissingIP(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -268,7 +261,6 @@ func TestBanIP_MissingIP(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBanIP_EmptyIP(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -293,7 +285,6 @@ func TestBanIP_EmptyIP(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBanIP_CscliError(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -323,7 +314,6 @@ func TestBanIP_CscliError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUnbanIP_Success(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -357,7 +347,6 @@ func TestUnbanIP_Success(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUnbanIP_CscliError(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -381,7 +370,6 @@ func TestUnbanIP_CscliError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestListDecisions_MultipleDecisions(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -430,7 +418,6 @@ func TestListDecisions_MultipleDecisions(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBanIP_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 

backend/internal/api/handlers/crowdsec_handler.go

@@ -63,9 +63,16 @@ type CrowdsecHandler struct {
 	Hub              *crowdsec.HubService
 	Console          *crowdsec.ConsoleEnrollmentService
 	Security         *services.SecurityService
+	WhitelistSvc     *services.CrowdSecWhitelistService
 	CaddyManager     *caddy.Manager // For config reload after bouncer registration
 	LAPIMaxWait      time.Duration  // For testing; 0 means 60s default
 	LAPIPollInterval time.Duration  // For testing; 0 means 500ms default
+	dashCache        *dashboardCache
+
+	// validateLAPIURL validates and parses a LAPI base URL.
+	// This field allows tests to inject a permissive validator for mock servers
+	// without mutating package-level state (which causes data races).
+	validateLAPIURL func(string) (*url.URL, error)
 
 	// registrationMutex protects concurrent bouncer registration attempts
 	registrationMutex sync.Mutex
@@ -84,6 +91,14 @@ const (
 	bouncerName    = "caddy-bouncer"
 )
 
+// resolveLAPIURLValidator returns the handler's validator or the default.
+func (h *CrowdsecHandler) resolveLAPIURLValidator(raw string) (*url.URL, error) {
+	if h.validateLAPIURL != nil {
+		return h.validateLAPIURL(raw)
+	}
+	return validateCrowdsecLAPIBaseURLDefault(raw)
+}
+
 func (h *CrowdsecHandler) bouncerKeyPath() string {
 	if h != nil && strings.TrimSpace(h.DataDir) != "" {
 		return filepath.Join(h.DataDir, "bouncer_key")
@@ -369,16 +384,22 @@ func NewCrowdsecHandler(db *gorm.DB, executor CrowdsecExecutor, binPath, dataDir
 		securitySvc = services.NewSecurityService(db)
 		consoleSvc = crowdsec.NewConsoleEnrollmentService(db, &crowdsec.SecureCommandExecutor{}, dataDir, consoleSecret)
 	}
-	return &CrowdsecHandler{
-		DB:       db,
-		Executor: executor,
-		CmdExec:  &RealCommandExecutor{},
-		BinPath:  binPath,
-		DataDir:  dataDir,
-		Hub:      hubSvc,
-		Console:  consoleSvc,
-		Security: securitySvc,
+	h := &CrowdsecHandler{
+		DB:              db,
+		Executor:        executor,
+		CmdExec:         &RealCommandExecutor{},
+		BinPath:         binPath,
+		DataDir:         dataDir,
+		Hub:             hubSvc,
+		Console:         consoleSvc,
+		Security:        securitySvc,
+		dashCache:       newDashboardCache(),
+		validateLAPIURL: validateCrowdsecLAPIBaseURLDefault,
 	}
+	if db != nil {
+		h.WhitelistSvc = services.NewCrowdSecWhitelistService(db, dataDir)
+	}
+	return h
 }
 
 // isCerberusEnabled returns true when Cerberus is enabled via DB or env flag.
@@ -1442,18 +1463,10 @@ const (
 	defaultCrowdsecLAPIPort = 8085
 )
 
-// validateCrowdsecLAPIBaseURLFunc is a variable holding the LAPI URL validation function.
-// This indirection allows tests to inject a permissive validator for mock servers.
-var validateCrowdsecLAPIBaseURLFunc = validateCrowdsecLAPIBaseURLDefault
-
 func validateCrowdsecLAPIBaseURLDefault(raw string) (*url.URL, error) {
 	return security.ValidateInternalServiceBaseURL(raw, defaultCrowdsecLAPIPort, security.InternalServiceHostAllowlist())
 }
 
-func validateCrowdsecLAPIBaseURL(raw string) (*url.URL, error) {
-	return validateCrowdsecLAPIBaseURLFunc(raw)
-}
-
 // GetLAPIDecisions queries CrowdSec LAPI directly for current decisions.
 // This is an alternative to ListDecisions which uses cscli.
 // Query params:
@@ -1471,7 +1484,7 @@ func (h *CrowdsecHandler) GetLAPIDecisions(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	baseURL, err := validateCrowdsecLAPIBaseURL(lapiURL)
+	baseURL, err := h.resolveLAPIURLValidator(lapiURL)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Log().WithError(err).WithField("lapi_url", lapiURL).Warn("Blocked CrowdSec LAPI URL by internal allowlist policy")
 		// Fallback to cscli-based method.
@@ -2142,7 +2155,7 @@ func (h *CrowdsecHandler) CheckLAPIHealth(c *gin.Context) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(c.Request.Context(), 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	baseURL, err := validateCrowdsecLAPIBaseURL(lapiURL)
+	baseURL, err := h.resolveLAPIURLValidator(lapiURL)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"healthy": false, "error": "invalid LAPI URL (blocked by SSRF policy)", "lapi_url": lapiURL})
 		return
@@ -2287,6 +2300,21 @@ func (h *CrowdsecHandler) BanIP(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "banned", "ip": ip, "duration": duration})
+
+	// Log to security_decisions for dashboard aggregation
+	if h.Security != nil {
+		parsedDur, _ := time.ParseDuration(duration)
+		expiry := time.Now().Add(parsedDur)
+		_ = h.Security.LogDecision(&models.SecurityDecision{
+			IP:        ip,
+			Action:    "block",
+			Source:    "crowdsec",
+			RuleID:    reason,
+			Scenario:  "manual",
+			ExpiresAt: &expiry,
+		})
+	}
+	h.dashCache.Invalidate("dashboard")
 }
 
 // UnbanIP removes a ban for an IP address
@@ -2313,6 +2341,7 @@ func (h *CrowdsecHandler) UnbanIP(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "unbanned", "ip": ip})
+	h.dashCache.Invalidate("dashboard")
 }
 
 // RegisterBouncer registers a new bouncer or returns existing bouncer status.
@@ -2676,6 +2705,75 @@ func fileExists(path string) bool {
 	return err == nil
 }
 
+// ListWhitelists returns all CrowdSec IP/CIDR whitelist entries.
+func (h *CrowdsecHandler) ListWhitelists(c *gin.Context) {
+	entries, err := h.WhitelistSvc.List(c.Request.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Log().WithError(err).Error("failed to list whitelist entries")
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to list whitelist entries"})
+		return
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"whitelist": entries})
+}
+
+// AddWhitelist adds a new IP or CIDR to the CrowdSec whitelist.
+func (h *CrowdsecHandler) AddWhitelist(c *gin.Context) {
+	var req struct {
+		IPOrCIDR string `json:"ip_or_cidr" binding:"required"`
+		Reason   string `json:"reason"`
+	}
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "ip_or_cidr is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	entry, err := h.WhitelistSvc.Add(c.Request.Context(), req.IPOrCIDR, req.Reason)
+	if err != nil {
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, services.ErrInvalidIPOrCIDR):
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid IP address or CIDR notation"})
+		case errors.Is(err, services.ErrDuplicateEntry):
+			c.JSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{"error": "entry already exists in whitelist"})
+		default:
+			logger.Log().WithError(err).Error("failed to add whitelist entry")
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to add whitelist entry"})
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, execErr := h.CmdExec.Execute(c.Request.Context(), "cscli", "hub", "reload"); execErr != nil {
+		logger.Log().WithError(execErr).Warn("cscli hub reload failed after whitelist add (non-fatal)")
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, entry)
+}
+
+// DeleteWhitelist removes a whitelist entry by UUID.
+func (h *CrowdsecHandler) DeleteWhitelist(c *gin.Context) {
+	id := c.Param("uuid")
+	if id == "" {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "uuid is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.WhitelistSvc.Delete(c.Request.Context(), id); err != nil {
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, services.ErrWhitelistNotFound):
+			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "whitelist entry not found"})
+		default:
+			logger.Log().WithError(err).Error("failed to delete whitelist entry")
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to delete whitelist entry"})
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, execErr := h.CmdExec.Execute(c.Request.Context(), "cscli", "hub", "reload"); execErr != nil {
+		logger.Log().WithError(execErr).Warn("cscli hub reload failed after whitelist delete (non-fatal)")
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
 // RegisterRoutes registers crowdsec admin routes under protected group
 func (h *CrowdsecHandler) RegisterRoutes(rg *gin.RouterGroup) {
 	rg.POST("/admin/crowdsec/start", h.Start)
@@ -2711,4 +2809,15 @@ func (h *CrowdsecHandler) RegisterRoutes(rg *gin.RouterGroup) {
 	// Acquisition configuration endpoints
 	rg.GET("/admin/crowdsec/acquisition", h.GetAcquisitionConfig)
 	rg.PUT("/admin/crowdsec/acquisition", h.UpdateAcquisitionConfig)
+	// Dashboard aggregation endpoints (PR-1)
+	rg.GET("/admin/crowdsec/dashboard/summary", h.DashboardSummary)
+	rg.GET("/admin/crowdsec/dashboard/timeline", h.DashboardTimeline)
+	rg.GET("/admin/crowdsec/dashboard/top-ips", h.DashboardTopIPs)
+	rg.GET("/admin/crowdsec/dashboard/scenarios", h.DashboardScenarios)
+	rg.GET("/admin/crowdsec/alerts", h.ListAlerts)
+	rg.GET("/admin/crowdsec/decisions/export", h.ExportDecisions)
+	// Whitelist management endpoints (Issue #939)
+	rg.GET("/admin/crowdsec/whitelist", h.ListWhitelists)
+	rg.POST("/admin/crowdsec/whitelist", h.AddWhitelist)
+	rg.DELETE("/admin/crowdsec/whitelist/:uuid", h.DeleteWhitelist)
 }

backend/internal/api/handlers/crowdsec_handler_comprehensive_test.go

@@ -106,7 +106,6 @@ func TestMapCrowdsecStatus(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestIsConsoleEnrollmentEnabled tests the isConsoleEnrollmentEnabled helper
 func TestIsConsoleEnrollmentEnabled(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	tests := []struct {
 		name      string
@@ -191,7 +190,6 @@ func TestActorFromContext(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 			c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
 			tt.setupCtx(c)
@@ -204,7 +202,6 @@ func TestActorFromContext(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestHubEndpoints tests the hubEndpoints helper
 func TestHubEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -233,7 +230,6 @@ func TestHubEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestGetCachedPreset tests the GetCachedPreset handler
 func TestGetCachedPreset(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -264,7 +260,6 @@ func TestGetCachedPreset(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestGetCachedPreset_NotFound tests GetCachedPreset with non-existent preset
 func TestGetCachedPreset_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -293,7 +288,6 @@ func TestGetCachedPreset_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestGetLAPIDecisions tests the GetLAPIDecisions handler
 func TestGetLAPIDecisions(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -313,7 +307,6 @@ func TestGetLAPIDecisions(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestCheckLAPIHealth tests the CheckLAPIHealth handler
 func TestCheckLAPIHealth(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -332,7 +325,6 @@ func TestCheckLAPIHealth(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestListDecisions tests the ListDecisions handler
 func TestListDecisions(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -351,7 +343,6 @@ func TestListDecisions(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestBanIP tests the BanIP handler
 func TestBanIP(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -373,7 +364,6 @@ func TestBanIP(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestUnbanIP tests the UnbanIP handler
 func TestUnbanIP(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -395,7 +385,6 @@ func TestUnbanIP(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestGetAcquisitionConfig tests the GetAcquisitionConfig handler
 func TestGetAcquisitionConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	acquisPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "acquis.yaml")
@@ -417,7 +406,6 @@ func TestGetAcquisitionConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestUpdateAcquisitionConfig tests the UpdateAcquisitionConfig handler
 func TestUpdateAcquisitionConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	acquisPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "acquis.yaml")

backend/internal/api/handlers/crowdsec_handler_coverage_test.go

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ func (f *errorExec) Status(ctx context.Context, configDir string) (running bool,
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsec_Start_Error(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -48,7 +47,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_Start_Error(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsec_Stop_Error(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -67,7 +65,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_Stop_Error(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsec_Status_Error(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -87,7 +84,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_Status_Error(t *testing.T) {
 
 // ReadFile tests
 func TestCrowdsec_ReadFile_MissingPath(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -106,7 +102,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_ReadFile_MissingPath(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsec_ReadFile_PathTraversal(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -126,7 +121,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_ReadFile_PathTraversal(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsec_ReadFile_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -146,7 +140,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_ReadFile_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
 
 // WriteFile tests
 func TestCrowdsec_WriteFile_InvalidPayload(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -166,7 +159,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_WriteFile_InvalidPayload(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsec_WriteFile_MissingPath(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -189,7 +181,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_WriteFile_MissingPath(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsec_WriteFile_PathTraversal(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -214,7 +205,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_WriteFile_PathTraversal(t *testing.T) {
 
 // ExportConfig tests
 func TestCrowdsec_ExportConfig_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	// Use a non-existent directory
 	nonExistentDir := "/tmp/crowdsec-nonexistent-dir-12345"
@@ -238,7 +228,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_ExportConfig_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
 
 // ListFiles tests
 func TestCrowdsec_ListFiles_EmptyDir(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -263,7 +252,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_ListFiles_EmptyDir(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsec_ListFiles_NonExistent(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	nonExistentDir := "/tmp/crowdsec-nonexistent-dir-67890"
 	_ = os.RemoveAll(nonExistentDir)
@@ -289,7 +277,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_ListFiles_NonExistent(t *testing.T) {
 
 // ImportConfig error cases
 func TestCrowdsec_ImportConfig_NoFile(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -310,7 +297,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_ImportConfig_NoFile(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Additional ReadFile test with nested path that exists
 func TestCrowdsec_ReadFile_NestedPath(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -336,7 +322,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_ReadFile_NestedPath(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test WriteFile when backup fails (simulate by making dir unwritable)
 func TestCrowdsec_WriteFile_Success(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -364,7 +349,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_WriteFile_Success(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsec_ListPresets_Disabled(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	t.Setenv("FEATURE_CERBERUS_ENABLED", "false")
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
@@ -383,7 +367,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_ListPresets_Disabled(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsec_ListPresets_Success(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -406,7 +389,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_ListPresets_Success(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsec_PullPreset_Validation(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -431,7 +413,6 @@ func TestCrowdsec_PullPreset_Validation(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrowdsec_ApplyPreset_Validation(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := setupCrowdDB(t)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 

backend/internal/api/handlers/crowdsec_lapi_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestGetLAPIDecisions_FallbackToCscli(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	router := gin.New()
 
 	// Create handler with mock executor
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ func TestGetLAPIDecisions_FallbackToCscli(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetLAPIDecisions_EmptyResponse(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	router := gin.New()
 
 	// Create handler with mock executor that returns empty array
@@ -67,7 +65,6 @@ func TestGetLAPIDecisions_EmptyResponse(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCheckLAPIHealth_Handler(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	router := gin.New()
 
 	handler := &CrowdsecHandler{

backend/internal/api/handlers/crowdsec_presets_handler_test.go

@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ func makePresetTar(t *testing.T, files map[string]string) []byte {
 }
 
 func TestListPresetsIncludesCacheAndIndex(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	cache, err := crowdsec.NewHubCache(t.TempDir(), time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	_, err = cache.Store(context.Background(), "crowdsecurity/demo", "etag1", "hub", "preview", []byte("archive"))
@@ -92,7 +91,6 @@ func TestListPresetsIncludesCacheAndIndex(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPullPresetHandlerSuccess(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	cache, err := crowdsec.NewHubCache(t.TempDir(), time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	dataDir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "crowdsec")
@@ -132,7 +130,6 @@ func TestPullPresetHandlerSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestApplyPresetHandlerAudits(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.CrowdsecPresetEvent{}))
 
@@ -186,7 +183,6 @@ func TestApplyPresetHandlerAudits(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPullPresetHandlerHubError(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	cache, err := crowdsec.NewHubCache(t.TempDir(), time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -213,7 +209,6 @@ func TestPullPresetHandlerHubError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPullPresetHandlerTimeout(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	cache, err := crowdsec.NewHubCache(t.TempDir(), time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -241,7 +236,6 @@ func TestPullPresetHandlerTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetCachedPresetNotFound(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	cache, err := crowdsec.NewHubCache(t.TempDir(), time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -260,7 +254,6 @@ func TestGetCachedPresetNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetCachedPresetServiceUnavailable(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	h := newTestCrowdsecHandler(t, OpenTestDB(t), &fakeExec{}, "/bin/false", t.TempDir())
 	h.Hub = &crowdsec.HubService{}
@@ -277,7 +270,6 @@ func TestGetCachedPresetServiceUnavailable(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestApplyPresetHandlerBackupFailure(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)
 	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&models.CrowdsecPresetEvent{}))
 
@@ -325,7 +317,6 @@ func TestApplyPresetHandlerBackupFailure(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestListPresetsMergesCuratedAndHub(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
 	hub := crowdsec.NewHubService(nil, nil, t.TempDir())
 	hub.HubBaseURL = "http://hub.example"
@@ -375,7 +366,6 @@ func TestListPresetsMergesCuratedAndHub(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetCachedPresetSuccess(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	t.Setenv("FEATURE_CERBERUS_ENABLED", "true")
 	cache, err := crowdsec.NewHubCache(t.TempDir(), time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -403,7 +393,6 @@ func TestGetCachedPresetSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetCachedPresetSlugRequired(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	t.Setenv("FEATURE_CERBERUS_ENABLED", "true")
 	cache, err := crowdsec.NewHubCache(t.TempDir(), time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -424,7 +413,6 @@ func TestGetCachedPresetSlugRequired(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetCachedPresetPreviewError(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	t.Setenv("FEATURE_CERBERUS_ENABLED", "true")
 	cacheDir := t.TempDir()
 	cache, err := crowdsec.NewHubCache(cacheDir, time.Hour)
@@ -451,7 +439,6 @@ func TestGetCachedPresetPreviewError(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPullCuratedPresetSkipsHub(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	t.Setenv("FEATURE_CERBERUS_ENABLED", "true")
 
 	// Setup handler with a hub service that would fail if called
@@ -489,7 +476,6 @@ func TestPullCuratedPresetSkipsHub(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestApplyCuratedPresetSkipsHub(t *testing.T) {
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	t.Setenv("FEATURE_CERBERUS_ENABLED", "true")
 
 	db := OpenTestDB(t)