implemented rootless image and running

.env.example

@@ -28,6 +28,22 @@ ADMIN_PASSWORD=Your-Secure-P@ssw0rd-Here!
 # Public base URL for the application
 BASE_URL=http://localhost:3000
 
+# =============================================================================
+# ROOTLESS OPERATION (OPTIONAL)
+# =============================================================================
+
+# User and Group IDs for running containers as non-root
+# Set these to match your host user to avoid permission issues with volumes
+# Find your UID/GID with: id -u / id -g
+#
+# Defaults:
+#   - Web service: PUID=10001, PGID=10001
+#   - Caddy service: PUID=10000, PGID=10000
+#
+# For matching your host user (recommended for development):
+# PUID=1000
+# PGID=1000
+
 # =============================================================================
 # OAUTH2/OIDC AUTHENTICATION (OPTIONAL)
 # =============================================================================

docker-compose.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ services:
     build:
       context: .
       dockerfile: docker/web/Dockerfile
+      args:
+        # User and group IDs for rootless operation
+        # Set these to match your host user to avoid permission issues
+        # Find your UID/GID with: id -u / id -g
+        PUID: ${PUID:-10001}
+        PGID: ${PGID:-10001}
     restart: unless-stopped
     ports:
       - "3000:3000"
@@ -66,6 +72,12 @@ services:
     build:
       context: .
       dockerfile: docker/caddy/Dockerfile
+      args:
+        # User and group IDs for rootless operation
+        # Set these to match your host user to avoid permission issues
+        # Find your UID/GID with: id -u / id -g
+        PUID: ${PUID:-10000}
+        PGID: ${PGID:-10000}
     restart: unless-stopped
     ports:
       - "80:80"

docker/caddy/Dockerfile

@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ RUN xcaddy build \
 
 FROM ubuntu:24.04
 
+# Accept build args for user/group IDs to support rootless operation
+# Using 10000 as default to avoid conflicts with system users
+ARG PUID=10000
+ARG PGID=10000
+
 # Install runtime dependencies
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     ca-certificates \
@@ -21,12 +26,17 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
 
 # Copy caddy binary from builder
 COPY --from=builder /usr/bin/caddy /usr/bin/caddy
-COPY docker/caddy/Caddyfile /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
 
-# Create caddy user and directories
-RUN groupadd caddy && useradd -r -g caddy -m -d /home/caddy caddy \
-    && mkdir -p /data /config \
-    && chown -R caddy:caddy /data /config /home/caddy
+# Create caddy user and directories with configurable IDs for rootless operation
+# Remove any existing users/groups with the same UID/GID to avoid conflicts
+RUN (getent group ${PGID} && groupdel $(getent group ${PGID} | cut -d: -f1) || true) && \
+    (getent passwd ${PUID} && userdel $(getent passwd ${PUID} | cut -d: -f1) || true) && \
+    groupadd -g ${PGID} caddy && \
+    useradd -r -u ${PUID} -g caddy -m -d /home/caddy caddy && \
+    mkdir -p /data /config /logs && \
+    chown -R caddy:caddy /data /config /logs /home/caddy
+
+COPY --chown=caddy:caddy docker/caddy/Caddyfile /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
 
 EXPOSE 80 443 2019
 
@@ -34,5 +44,7 @@ EXPOSE 80 443 2019
 ENV XDG_CONFIG_HOME=/config
 ENV XDG_DATA_HOME=/data
 
+# Run as non-root user (fully rootless)
 USER caddy
+
 CMD ["caddy", "run", "--resume", "--config", "/etc/caddy/Caddyfile", "--adapter", "caddyfile"]

docker/web/Dockerfile

@@ -28,37 +28,44 @@ COPY . .
 RUN npm run build && rm -f /tmp/build.db
 
 FROM base AS runner
+# Accept build args for user/group IDs to support rootless operation
+# Using 10001 as default to avoid conflicts with system users
+ARG PUID=10001
+ARG PGID=10001
+
 ENV NODE_ENV=production
 ENV PORT=3000
 WORKDIR /app
 
-# Install gosu for privilege dropping
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-    gosu \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+# Create user and group with configurable IDs for rootless operation
+# Remove any existing users/groups with the same UID/GID to avoid conflicts
+RUN (getent group ${PGID} && groupdel $(getent group ${PGID} | cut -d: -f1) || true) && \
+    (getent passwd ${PUID} && userdel $(getent passwd ${PUID} | cut -d: -f1) || true) && \
+    groupadd -g ${PGID} nodejs && \
+    useradd -r -u ${PUID} -g nodejs nextjs
 
-RUN groupadd -g 1001 nodejs && useradd -r -u 1001 -g nodejs nextjs
-
-COPY --from=builder /app/public ./public
-COPY --from=builder /app/.next/standalone ./
-COPY --from=builder /app/.next/static ./.next/static
-COPY --from=builder /app/package.json ./package.json
+COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/public ./public
+COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next/standalone ./
+COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next/static ./.next/static
+COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/package.json ./package.json
 
 # Copy instrumentation file and all required chunks for server startup initialization
-COPY --from=builder /app/.next/server/instrumentation.js ./.next/server/instrumentation.js
-COPY --from=builder /app/.next/server/instrumentation ./.next/server/instrumentation
-COPY --from=builder /app/.next/server/chunks/ ./.next/server/chunks/
+COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next/server/instrumentation.js ./.next/server/instrumentation.js
+COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next/server/instrumentation ./.next/server/instrumentation
+COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next/server/chunks/ ./.next/server/chunks/
 # Copy Drizzle migrations for runtime schema management
-COPY --from=builder /app/drizzle ./drizzle
+COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/drizzle ./drizzle
 
-# Create data directory for SQLite database
+# Create data directory for SQLite database with correct ownership
 RUN mkdir -p /app/data && chown -R nextjs:nodejs /app/data
 
 # Copy entrypoint script
-COPY docker/web/entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
+COPY --chown=nextjs:nodejs docker/web/entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
 RUN chmod +x /entrypoint.sh
 
 EXPOSE 3000
 
-# Run as root so entrypoint can fix permissions, then switch to nextjs
+# Run as non-root user (fully rootless)
+USER nextjs
+
 ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint.sh"]

docker/web/entrypoint.sh

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ DB_DIR=$(dirname "$DB_PATH")
 
 echo "Ensuring database directory exists..."
 mkdir -p "$DB_DIR"
-chown -R nextjs:nodejs "$DB_DIR"
 
 echo "Starting application..."
-exec gosu nextjs env HOSTNAME=0.0.0.0 node server.js
+exec env HOSTNAME=0.0.0.0 node server.js