diff --git a/debian/debian-essentials.sh b/debian/debian-essentials.sh
index 39e90a3..f3e25fa 100755
--- a/debian/debian-essentials.sh
+++ b/debian/debian-essentials.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
+  then
+  echo "Please run as root"
+  exit
+fi
+
 # autoreply config update dialog with no
 if [[ ! -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/local ]]
     then
diff --git a/debian/debian-install-docker.sh b/debian/debian-install-docker.sh
index c554b3b..d78502b 100755
--- a/debian/debian-install-docker.sh
+++ b/debian/debian-install-docker.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
+  then
+  echo "Please run as root"
+  exit
+fi
+
 if [[ ! -f /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg ]]
     then
         apt-get update
diff --git a/debian/debian-install-samba.sh b/debian/debian-install-samba.sh
index 8248f87..c0c8cd9 100755
--- a/debian/debian-install-samba.sh
+++ b/debian/debian-install-samba.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
+  then
+  echo "Please run as root"
+  exit
+fi
+
 isInFile=$(cat /etc/samba/smb.conf | grep -c "akanealw")
 if [ $isInFile -eq 0 ]
     then
diff --git a/debian/debian-regenerate-ssh-keys-machine-id.sh b/debian/debian-regenerate-ssh-keys-machine-id.sh
index 1ab3845..1bb2b16 100644
--- a/debian/debian-regenerate-ssh-keys-machine-id.sh
+++ b/debian/debian-regenerate-ssh-keys-machine-id.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-# ask to regenerate machine-id
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
+  then
+  echo "Please run as root"
+  exit
+fi
+
+# regenerate machine-id
 if [[ ! -f /etc/machine-id-regenerated ]]
     then
         rm -f /etc/machine-id /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
@@ -12,7 +18,7 @@ if [[ ! -f /etc/machine-id-regenerated ]]
         echo "Machine-id not regenerated."
 fi
 
-# ask to regenerate ssh host keys
+# regenerate ssh host keys
 if [[ ! -d /etc/cloud ]]
     then
         if [[ ! -f /home/akanealw/.ssh/ssh_keys_regenerated ]]
diff --git a/debian/debian-set-ip.sh b/debian/debian-set-ip.sh
index 8147176..8ed03d0 100755
--- a/debian/debian-set-ip.sh
+++ b/debian/debian-set-ip.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-# ask to set static ip address
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
+  then
+  echo "Please run as root"
+  exit
+fi
+
+# set static ip address
 if [[ ! -d /etc/cloud ]]
     then
         if [[ ! -f /etc/network/interfaces.bak ]]
diff --git a/debian/debian-setup-email.sh b/debian/debian-setup-email.sh
index 13aeed3..d62f761 100644
--- a/debian/debian-setup-email.sh
+++ b/debian/debian-setup-email.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
+  then
+  echo "Please run as root"
+  exit
+fi
+
 isInFile=$(cat /etc/postfix/main.cf | grep -c "gmail")
 if [ $isInFile -eq 0 ]
     then
diff --git a/debian/debian-setup-unattended-upgrades.sh b/debian/debian-setup-unattended-upgrades.sh
index 67e6967..b8199ef 100644
--- a/debian/debian-setup-unattended-upgrades.sh
+++ b/debian/debian-setup-unattended-upgrades.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
+  then
+  echo "Please run as root"
+  exit
+fi
+
 isInFile=$(cat /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades | grep -c 'APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";')
 if [ $isInFile -eq 0 ]
     then
diff --git a/debian/debian-update-sources.sh b/debian/debian-update-sources.sh
index e1b20d3..990c175 100644
--- a/debian/debian-update-sources.sh
+++ b/debian/debian-update-sources.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
+  then
+  echo "Please run as root"
+  exit
+fi
+
 # update bookworm to new debian.sources file
 if [[ -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources ]] 
     then
diff --git a/ubuntu/ubuntu-essentials.sh b/ubuntu/ubuntu-essentials.sh
index e8d8af0..d6e19ac 100755
--- a/ubuntu/ubuntu-essentials.sh
+++ b/ubuntu/ubuntu-essentials.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
+  then
+  echo "Please run as root"
+  exit
+fi
+
 # disable restart prompt for services during an update
 if [[ ! -f /etc/needrestart/conf.d/no-prompt.conf ]] ; then
     echo "\$nrconf{restart} = 'a';" >> /etc/needrestart/conf.d/no-prompt.conf
diff --git a/ubuntu/ubuntu-install-docker.sh b/ubuntu/ubuntu-install-docker.sh
index bcb47e4..ef8a218 100755
--- a/ubuntu/ubuntu-install-docker.sh
+++ b/ubuntu/ubuntu-install-docker.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
+  then
+  echo "Please run as root"
+  exit
+fi
+
 if [[ ! -f /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg ]]
     then
         apt-get update
diff --git a/ubuntu/ubuntu-install-samba.sh b/ubuntu/ubuntu-install-samba.sh
index 7db3a3f..126a8d9 100755
--- a/ubuntu/ubuntu-install-samba.sh
+++ b/ubuntu/ubuntu-install-samba.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
+  then
+  echo "Please run as root"
+  exit
+fi
+
 isInFile=$(cat /etc/samba/smb.conf | grep -c "akanealw")
 if [ $isInFile -eq 0 ]
     then
diff --git a/ubuntu/ubuntu-regenerate-ssh-keys-machine-id.sh b/ubuntu/ubuntu-regenerate-ssh-keys-machine-id.sh
index ca77dec..bc6ee0a 100644
--- a/ubuntu/ubuntu-regenerate-ssh-keys-machine-id.sh
+++ b/ubuntu/ubuntu-regenerate-ssh-keys-machine-id.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-# ask to regenerate machine-id
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
+  then
+  echo "Please run as root"
+  exit
+fi
+
+# regenerate machine-id
 if [[ ! -f /etc/machine-id-regenerated ]]
     then
         rm -f /etc/machine-id /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
@@ -12,7 +18,7 @@ if [[ ! -f /etc/machine-id-regenerated ]]
         echo "Machine-id not regenerated."
  fi
 
-# ask to regenerate ssh host keys
+# regenerate ssh host keys
 if [[ ! -d /etc/cloud ]]
     then
         if [[ ! -f /home/akanealw/.ssh/ssh_keys_regenerated ]]
diff --git a/ubuntu/ubuntu-set-ip.sh b/ubuntu/ubuntu-set-ip.sh
index 39cf16d..c280196 100755
--- a/ubuntu/ubuntu-set-ip.sh
+++ b/ubuntu/ubuntu-set-ip.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
-# ask to set static ip address
+#!/bin/bash
 
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]
+  then
+  echo "Please run as root"
+  exit
+fi
+
+# set static ip address
 if [[ ! -d /etc/cloud ]]
     then
         read -r -p "Enter Static IP Address with subnet prefix: " staticip