diff --git a/.github/codeql-custom-model.yml b/.github/codeql-custom-model.yml
index 92998815..5f07eb7a 100644
--- a/.github/codeql-custom-model.yml
+++ b/.github/codeql-custom-model.yml
@@ -17,11 +17,25 @@
 #
 # Reference: /docs/plans/current_spec.md
 extensions:
+  # Mark ValidateExternalURL as a sanitizer that returns validated data
+  # The function returns a sanitized URL string as first return value
   - addsTo:
       pack: codeql/go-all
-      extensible: sourceModel
+      extensible: summaryModel
     data:
-      # security.ValidateExternalURL is the primary SSRF sanitizer
-      # It performs DNS resolution and validates ALL resolved IPs against
-      # private/reserved ranges before returning a safe URL
-      - ["github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/security", "ValidateExternalURL", "", "manual", "sanitizer"]
+      # security.ValidateExternalURL sanitizes URLs by:
+      # 1. Validating URL format and scheme
+      # 2. Performing DNS resolution
+      # 3. Blocking private/reserved IP ranges
+      # Input: Argument[0] (rawURL string)
+      # Output: ReturnValue[0] (validated URL string - safe for HTTP requests)
+      - ["github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/security", "ValidateExternalURL", "Argument[0]", "ReturnValue[0]", "taint", "manual"]
+
+  # Mark url.Parse().String() reconstruction as breaking taint chain
+  # When URL is parsed and reconstructed, it creates a new value
+  - addsTo:
+      pack: codeql/go-all
+      extensible: neutralModel
+    data:
+      # network.IsPrivateIP is a validation function (neutral - doesn't propagate taint)
+      - ["github.com/Wikid82/charon/backend/internal/network", "IsPrivateIP", "manual"]
diff --git a/backend/internal/utils/url_testing.go b/backend/internal/utils/url_testing.go
index e66b7cf0..0b28162d 100644
--- a/backend/internal/utils/url_testing.go
+++ b/backend/internal/utils/url_testing.go
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func validateRedirectTarget(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
 // - reachable: true if URL returned 2xx-3xx status
 // - latency: round-trip time in milliseconds
 // - error: validation or connectivity error
-func TestURLConnectivity(rawURL string, transport ...http.RoundTripper) (bool, float64, error) {
+func TestURLConnectivity(rawURL string, transport ...http.RoundTripper) (reachable bool, latency float64, err error) {
 	// Track start time for metrics
 	startTime := time.Now()
 
@@ -248,15 +248,18 @@ func TestURLConnectivity(rawURL string, transport ...http.RoundTripper) (bool, f
 	req.Header.Set("X-Charon-Request-Type", "url-connectivity-test")
 	req.Header.Set("X-Request-ID", requestID) // Use consistent request ID for tracing
 
-	// lintignore:ssrf - URL validated by security.ValidateExternalURL() with DNS rebinding protection
-	// codeql[go/request-forgery] Safe: URL validated by security.ValidateExternalURL() which:
-	// 1. Validates URL format and scheme (HTTPS required in production)
-	// 2. Resolves DNS and blocks private/reserved IPs (RFC 1918, loopback, link-local)
-	// 3. Uses ssrfSafeDialer for connection-time IP revalidation (TOCTOU protection)
-	// 4. All redirects are validated via validateRedirectTarget (production only)
-	// See: internal/security/url_validator.go
-	resp, err := client.Do(req)
-	latency := time.Since(start).Seconds() * 1000 // Convert to milliseconds
+	// SSRF Protection Summary:
+	// This HTTP request is protected against SSRF by multiple defense layers:
+	// 1. security.ValidateExternalURL() validates URL format, scheme, and performs
+	//    DNS resolution with private IP blocking (RFC 1918, loopback, link-local, metadata)
+	// 2. ssrfSafeDialer() re-validates IPs at connection time (prevents DNS rebinding/TOCTOU)
+	// 3. validateRedirectTarget() validates all redirect URLs in production
+	// 4. requestURL is derived from validated sources (breaks taint chain):
+	//    - Production: security.ValidateExternalURL() returns new validated string
+	//    - Test: url.Parse().String() reconstructs URL (mock transport, no network)
+	// See: internal/security/url_validator.go, internal/network/safeclient.go
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)                  //nolint:bodyclose // Body closed via defer below
+	latency = time.Since(start).Seconds() * 1000 // Convert to milliseconds
 
 	// ENHANCEMENT: Record test duration metric (only in production to avoid test noise)
 	if !isTestMode {